The invention relates to a method for rapidly detecting pipeline body defects, which comprises the followings steps sequentially: 1) getting the specification, a support system, an anti-corrosion layer, the temperature, the corrosion degree, the pipeline layout and the historical information of a pipeline to be detected; 2) selecting a sensor ring, cleaning the surface of the pipeline to be detected, and inspecting and calibrating a detection system; 3) detecting each section of pipe on the ground only once, investigating with emphasis if problems are found, and determining detection times and positions of the buried pipelines according to different anti-corrosion layers and transmission media; 4) analyzing and diagnosing: labeling the basic properties of the pipeline, calibrating curves, comparing reflected signals and detection data in different positions, analyzing the variable frequency, diagnosing in a method of analyzing data in the same position in a superposition mode, observing the circumferential positions of the defects and classifying the degrees of the defects; and 5) determining a verification test pit and a detection test pit and analyzing pipe sections in the detection test pit according to diagnosis results, marking the positions of the defects, observing corrosion condition, measuring thickness, and finely scanning the defects to determine the positions, the properties and the sizes of the defects.