The invention relates to a method for manufacturing low-swelling microcrystalline glass through microwave heat treatment of gold tailings. The low-swelling microcrystalline glass comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 40-50% of gold tailings, 20-25% of quartz, 13-18% of aluminum oxide, 5-13% of lithium carbonate, 2-4% of magnesium oxide, 2-4% of titanium oxide, 0.5-1% of zirconium oxide and 1-3% of borax. The method comprises the following steps: evenly mixing the raw materials, placing into an aluminum oxide crucible, and melting by microwave heating, thus obtaining glass metal; and transferring the molded glass metal into an industrial microwave oven, annealing, and performing crystallization treatment to obtain the product. According to the invention, the mining waste gold tailings are used as the main raw material, and the waste is changed into a valuable substance, thereby realizing the comprehensive utilization of the waste; a one-step heat treatment process is adopted, and the production cycle is shortened; the industrial microwave oven is used for heating in the melting, annealing and crystallization processes, thereby ensuring high heating speed and no pollution; for the obtained sample, grains are refined, the structure is uniform, and energy is saved; and the obtained microcrystalline glass is low in heat expansion coefficient and high in heat stability.