27426results about "Solid waste disposal" patented technology

A stable continuous method for producing ethanol from the anaerobic bacterial fermentation of a gaseous substrate containing at least one reducing gas involves culturing a fermentation bioreactor anaerobic, acetogenic bacteria in a liquid nutrient medium; supplying the gaseous substrate to the bioreactor; and manipulating the bacteria in the bioreactor by reducing the redox potential, or increasing the NAD(P)H TO NAD(P) ratio, in the fermentation broth after the bacteria achieves a steady state and stable cell concentration in the bioreactor. The free acetic acid concentration in the bioreactor is maintained at less than 5 g / L free acid. This method allows ethanol to be produced in the fermentation broth in the bioreactor at a productivity greater than 10 g / L per day. Both ethanol and acetate are produced in a ratio of ethanol to acetate ranging from 1:1 to 20:1.

A pharmaceutical dosage form that is safeguarded against abuse containing at least one active substance that is susceptible to abuse and at least two of the following constituents (a) through (d): (a) at least one substance that irritates the nasal and / or pharyngeal region; (b) at least one viscosity increasing agent that together with a required minimum quantity of an aqueous liquid forms a gel in an extract obtained from the dosage form, which gel can still be discerned after being introduced into an additional quantity of aqueous liquid; (c) at least one antagonist for the at least one active substance that is susceptible to abuse; and (d) at least one emetic.

PCT No. PCT / JP96 / 01644 Sec. 371 Date Sep. 12, 1997 Sec. 102(e) Date Sep. 12, 1997 PCT Filed Jun. 14, 1996 PCT Pub. No. WO97 / 00144 PCT Pub. Date Jan. 3, 1997To provide a method for easily discriminating used and unused gas generators from among gas generators for air bags separated from used cars in a car scrapping process. A method for discriminating between used and unused gas generators according to the present invention is a method for discriminating used and unused gas generators from among gas generators for air bags separated from used cars in a car scrapping process, and this method comprises the steps of: a) crushing used cars mounted with gas generators each having on a surface thereof a material discoloring according to the surface temperatures in actuating the gas generator to separate the gas generators, and b) discriminating the gas generators in which surfaces are discolored and the gas generators in which surfaces are not discolored from among the separated gas generators.

Freeze wells may be used to isolate an area for soil remediation. Freeze wells may form a frozen barrier around a treatment area. The frozen barrier may inhibit fluid from entering into the treatment area. The frozen barrier may also inhibit migration of contamination out of the treatment area. The frozen barrier may be used to surround all of the perimeter of the treatment area. A frozen barrier may also be formed above or below a treatment area. Freeze wells may be activated in advance of soil remediation so that a frozen barrier is formed when soil remediation is begun. The soil remediation may be accomplished by any type of soil remediation system, including a thermal soil remediation system. Heaters of a thermal soil remediation system may be may be placed close to the frozen barrier without the barrier being broken through during remediation.

The present invention provides a novel process for extraction, purification and concentration of polyphenol substances from whole grapes, grape seeds and grape pomace without the need for membrane filtration. Aspects of several embodiments of the novel processes include hot water extraction, a dual pH treatment of the hot water extracts, and the uses of a copolymer of trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate as an adsorbent resin to maximize the concentration and purification of the beneficial polyphenolic substances.

A rapid thermal conversion process for efficiently converting wood, other biomass materials, and other carbonaceous feedstock (including hydrocarbons) into high yields of valuable liquid product, e.g., bio-oil, on a large scale production. Biomass material, e.g., wood, is feed to a conversion system where the biomass material is mixed with an upward stream of hot heat carriers, e.g., sand, that thermally convert the biomass into a hot vapor stream. The hot vapor stream is rapidly quenched with quench media in one or more condensing chambers located downstream of the conversion system. The rapid quenching condenses the vapor stream into liquid product, which is collected from the condensing chambers as a valuable liquid product. The liquid product may itself be used as the quench media.

A low-temperature gasification system comprising a horizontally oriented gasifier is provided that optimizes the extraction of gaseous molecules from carbonaceous feedstock while minimizing waste heat. The system comprises a plurality of integrated subsystems that work together to convert municipal solid waste (MSW) into electricity. The subsystems comprised by the low-temperature gasification system are: a Municipal Solid Waste Handling System; a Plastics Handling System; a Horizontally Oriented Gasifier with Lateral Transfer Units System; a Gas Reformulating System; a Heat Recycling System; a Gas Conditioning System; a Residue Conditioning System; a Gas Homogenization System and a Control System.

The potential for substance abuse involving residual amounts of abusable substances remaining in used skin-worn patches is reduced by the provision of a system and method for combining the abusable substance with a separate anti-abuse substance agent as part of a removal or disposal procedure.

A system for automatically inspecting matter for varying composition comprises one or more detection stations through which one or more streams of matter are advanced and particular materials therein are detected through their diffusely reflected IR spectra, if any, and / or through their variation of an electromagnetic field by their metallic portions, if any. A row of light sources distributed across the overall width of one or more belt conveyors may cause desired portions of the stream to reflect light diffusely onto a part-toroidal mirror extending over that overall width, whence the light is reflected, by a rotating, polygonal mirror through optical filters dedicated to differing IR wavelengths, onto detectors the data output of which is utilized in controlling solenoid valves operating air jet nozzles which separate-out the desired portions. Alternatively or additionally, an oscillator and an antenna which extends over that overall width generate an electromagnetic field through the belt and sensing coils sense variations therein produced by metallic portions of the stream passing through the detection station and the detection data produced by the sensing coils is used to control the solenoid valves operating the nozzles to separate-out the metallic portions.

Conversion of waste and other organic feedstock into sustainable energy, feed, fertilizer, and other useful products of reliable purities is accomplished using water, heat, and pressure. More specifically, the invention provides methods and apparatus that handle mixed streams of various feedstocks, e.g. agricultural waste, biological waste, municipal solid waste, municipal sewage sludge, and shredder residue, to yield gas, oil, specialty chemicals, and carbon solids that can be used as is or are further processed. Useful products can be diverted at various points of the process or internalized to enhance the efficiency of the system.

The subject invention relates to systems and methods that automatically learn data relevance from past search activities and apply such learning to facilitate future search activities. In one aspect, an automated information retrieval system is provided. The system includes a learning component that analyzes stored information retrieval data to determine relevance patterns from past user information search activities. A search component employs the learning component to determine a subset of current search results based at least in part on the relevance patterns, wherein numerous variables can be processed in accordance with the learning component to efficiently generate focused, prioritized, and relevant search results.

A method and plant for the treatment of an organic waste material in liquid form, e.g. liquid manure from livestock, the method comprising filtering fibres and particles from the liquid, subjecting the liquid to anaerobic fermentation in a biogas reactor, separating a substantially sterile and particle-free permeate stream from the biogas reactor, e.g. using ultrafiltration, subjecting the permeate stream to treatment with an ammonia stripper at an elevated temperature and preferably at reduced pressure to remove substantially all ammonia and carbon dioxide and to result in an ammonia fraction and a nutrient salt fraction, and separating the nutrient salt fraction into a fertiliser concentrate fraction and a water fraction, e.g. using reverse osmosis. The end products of the method are clean water, ammonia concentrate, fertiliser concentrate containing salts of P and K, compost and high-quality biogas with a high methane content.

The present invention relates to a method for producing a liquid plant extract containing plant powder, which comprises concentrating a liquid extract containing an active ingredient in the presence of the plant powder, the liquid extract being obtained from a plant containing the active ingredient; a process for producing a plant extract containing plant powder, which is characterized by comprises concentrating and drying a liquid extract containing an active ingredient in the presence of the plant powder, the liquid extract being obtained from a plant containing the active ingredient; a liquid plant extract or plant extract containing plant powder which comprises a liquid extract or plant extract containing the active ingredient obtained from a plant containing the active ingredient and comprises plant powder, and in which the content of the active ingredient in the liquid extract or plant extract is higher than that in the plant; and a food and drink or feed to which the liquid plant extract or plant extract containing plant powder is added.

An alternative cover for landfill may be formed from a slurry mixture of water, cementitious binder, adhesion enhancing admixture and fiber. These constituents may be mixed and applied to cover landfilled wastes, granular material piles or for soil erosion control. The cover will harden to minimize water infiltration, wind blown dust, odor and affinity to birds, flies and other insects. The water may include tap water, landfill leachate and wastewater. The binder may include Portland cement, blended cement, cement kiln dust, class C fly ash, and / or calcium sulphate hemihydrate. The adhesion enhancing admixture includes water-dispersible polymers. The fibers may comprise shredded paper or wood or plastic fibers.

The present invention is related to methods and systems for waste disposal. In one embodiment, a waste pickup apparatus comprises a network interface configured to communicate with a networked waste disposal unit associated with a first user, a data store containing user rules, processor executable instructions configured to read a user-specified waste pickup rule for a first user from the data store, determine if the user-specified waste pickup rule is satisfied based at least in part on the status information, if the user-specified waste pickup rule is not satisfied, to again determine if the user-specified waste pickup rule is satisfied when a predetermined period has elapsed, and if the user-specified waste pickup rule is satisfied, cause a waste pickup entity to pickup the waste, wherein the waste pickup entity is selected based at least in part on a preference of the first user stored in computer readable memory.

The present invention relates generally to functional sweetener compositions comprising non-caloric or low-caloric natural and / or synthetic, high-potency sweeteners and methods for making and using them. In particular, the present invention relates to different functional sweetener compositions comprising at least one non-caloric or low-caloric natural and / or synthetic, high-potency sweetener, at least one sweet taste improving composition, and at least one functional ingredient, such as phytoestrogens. The present invention also relates to functional sweetener compositions and methods that can improve the tastes of non-caloric or low-caloric high-potency sweeteners by imparting a more sugar-like taste or characteristic. In particular, the functional sweetener compositions and methods provide a more sugar-like temporal profile, including sweetness onset and sweetness linger, and / or a more sugar-like flavor profile.

The present invention relates generally to functional sweetener compositions comprising non-caloric or low-caloric natural and / or synthetic high-potency sweeteners and methods for making and using them. In particular, the present invention relates to different functional sweetener compositions comprising at least one non-caloric or low-caloric natural and / or synthetic high potency sweetener, at least one sweet taste improving composition, and at least one functional ingredient, such as rubisco protein, rubiscolin, rubiscolin derivatives, ACE inhibitory peptide, and combinations thereof. The present invention also relates to functional sweetener compositions and methods that can improve the tastes of non-caloric or low-caloric high-potency sweeteners by imparting a more sugar-like taste or characteristic. In particular, the functional sweetener compositions and methods provide a more sugar-like temporal profile, including sweetness onset and sweetness linger, and / or a more sugar-like flavor profile.

Known phosphate ceramic formulations are improved and the ability to produce iron-based phosphate ceramic systems is enabled by the addition of an oxidizing or reducing step during the acid-base reactions that form the phosphate ceramic products. The additives allow control of the rate of the acid-base reactions and concomitant heat generation. In an alternate embodiment, waste containing metal anions are stabilized in phosphate ceramic products by the addition of a reducing agent to the phosphate ceramic mixture. The reduced metal ions are more stable and / or reactive with the phosphate ions, resulting in the formation of insoluble metal species within the phosphate ceramic matrix, such that the resulting chemically bonded phosphate ceramic product has greater leach resistance.

The invention discloses a resource utilization process of organic hazardous waste. The resource utilization process includes the steps that classified storage and treatment of solid-phase, solid-liquid mixing and liquid-phase organic hazardous waste are carried out; solid-phase crushing, grinding and screening treatment is carried out; solid-liquid mixing is carried out after solid-liquid separation, solid-phase grinding and liquid-phase sedimentation separation treatment is carried out; direct liquid-phase sedimentation is carried out; then after solid-liquid mixing, a fluxing agent is addedfor stirring, a stabilizer and a dispersing agent are added for slurrying, the slurry is fed into a gasifier, and the obtained gas is used as fuel gas after being subjected to cooling, dedusting, spraying and desulfuration; slag tapping and vitrification slag discharge are carried out; and waste water is recycled. The resource utilization process has the beneficial effects that solid phase, solid-liquid mixing and liquid-phase comprehensive treatment, harmless treatment and slag discharge are realized.

Transmission methods for multicast messages and for signaling message responses thereto in communication systems supporting a multicast mode provide that a number of retransmissions of a multicast message may be changed based on a number of receivers of the message. Signaling messages to the multicast message may be transmitted in response to a fixed number of multicast message transmissions, and receivers that have not received the multicast message after the fixed number of transmissions may request further retransmissions up to an additional given number of times. Further, signaling messages may be transmitted at different times or staggered based on a radio condition of the receivers. For example, a first multicast message may be transmitted, and responses from groups of receivers may be listened to for a given period, after which one of a next multicast message and a portion of the first multicast message may be transmitted to the groups.

The present invent provides improved rapid thermal conversion processes for efficiently converting wood, other biomass materials, and other carbonaceous feedstock (including hydrocarbons) into high yields of valuable liquid product, e.g., bio-oil, on a large scale production. In an embodiment, biomass material, e.g., wood, is feed to a conversion system where the biomass material is mixed with an upward stream of hot heat carriers, e.g., sand, that thermally convert the biomass into a hot vapor stream. The hot vapor stream is rapidly quenched with quench media in one or more condensing chambers located downstream of the conversion system. The rapid quenching condenses the vapor stream into liquid product, which is collected from the condensing chambers as a valuable liquid product. In one embodiment, the liquid product itself is used as the quench media.

An apparatus for disrupting cells or viruses comprises a container having a chamber for holding the cells or viruses. The container includes at least one flexible wall defining the chamber. The apparatus also includes a transducer for impacting an external surface of the flexible wall to generate pressure waves in the chamber. The apparatus also includes a pressure source for increasing the pressure in the chamber. The pressurization of the chamber ensures effective coupling between the transducer and the flexible wall. The apparatus may also include beads in the chamber for rupturing the cells or viruses.

Solutions containing microorganisms differing in characteristics from each other and living in symbiosis with each other and enzymes characterized by containing aerobic microorganisms, anaerobic microorganisms and at least one basidiomycete belonging to the family Pleurotaceae living in symbiosis, metabolites thereof and enzymes; carriers obtained by adsorbing the components of the above solutions onto finely ground carbonaceous materials; and porous materials obtained by adsorbing the components of the above solutions onto porous materials. Because of having various effects of absorbing, adsorbing and decomposing harmful matters, deodorizing, decolorizing, etc., these materials are applicable to various uses in the fields of agriculture and environment.

The invention discloses a recycling treatment method of waste and old lithium iron phosphate battery anode materials, which comprises the following steps of: firstly, scattering waste and old lithium iron phosphate batteries and stripping and collecting anode materials in the waste batteries; heating the collected anode materials at high temperature and removing carbon and an adhesion agent to obtain solid powder; adding a lithium source compound and a carbon source into the solid mixture; ball-milling the mixture through a high-energy wet method; and finally, charging the ball-milled powder into a non-oxide atmosphere and roasting at high temperature to obtain the qualified lithium iron phosphate anode materials. The recycling method disclosed by the invention has the advantages of simple process, convenience for operation and high recovery rate.

In at least one embodiment of the present invention, a method for producing liquid hydrocarbons from biomass is provided. The method comprises pyrolizing the biomass with hydrogen (H2) to form bio-oil. The bio-oil comprises alkanes, alkenes, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, aromatics, hydrocarbons or mixtures thereof. The H2 is formed from a carbon-free energy source.