The invention discloses an iron improvement and silicon reduction beneficiation method of high ferrosilite and lean magnet iron ore, the method comprises the following processes of crushing-screening,fine crushing, dry-type preconcentration tailings discardinghigh-pressure roller milling, coarse particle magnetic separation, and coarse particle magnetic separation concentrate rough grinding-low intensity magnetic separation, wherein coarse crushing is arranged underground, medium and fine crushing are arranged on the ground, the placement is reasonable and orderly, reducing of occupied spaceis facilitated, and transporting and lifting of ore from the downhole is convenient. The dry-type preconcentration tailings discarding is carried out on sieve residue and through product after intermediate crushing and fine crushing, mixed barren rock is thrown out, throwing out is carried out and rough gangue and block gangue used as building products are recovered in advance, the iron grade of follow-up separating operations is recovered and improved, the ore content given to the follow-up operations is greatly reduced, " receiving early and losing early" is realized. The feeding grain sizeof high-pressure roller milling is up to 30mm, a precedent is broken, characteristics of low energy consumption and high processing capacity of a high-pressure roller milling machine is fully played,a product stock heap is not arranged in design, and occupied space and dust pollution are reduced.