20119 results about "Crystallite" patented technology

A method for forming a metal interconnect on a substrate is provided. The method includes depositing a refractory metal-containing barrier layer having a thickness less than about 20 angstroms on at least a portion of a metal layer by alternately introducing one or more pulses of a metal-containing compound and one or more pulses of a nitrogen-containing compound. The method also includes depositing a seed layer on at least a portion of the barrier layer, and depositing a second metal layer on at least a portion of the seed layer. The barrier layer provides adequate barrier properties and allows the grain growth of the metal layer to continue across the barrier layer into the second metal layer thereby enhancing the electrical performance of the interconnect.

A process for producing nano-scaled graphene plates with each plate comprising a sheet of graphite plane or multiple sheets of graphite plane with the graphite plane comprising a two-dimensional hexagonal structure of carbon atoms. The process includes the primary steps of: (a) providing a powder of fine graphite particles comprising graphite crystallites with each crystallite comprising one sheet or normally a multiplicity of sheets of graphite plane bonded together; (b) exfoliating the graphite crystallites to form exfoliated graphite particles, which are characterized by having at least two graphite planes being either partially or fully separated from each other; and (c) subjecting the exfoliated graphite particles to a mechanical attrition treatment to further reduce at least one dimension of the particles to a nanometer scale, <100 nm, for producing the nano-scaled graphene plates.

An anode structure for lithium batteries includes nanofeatured silicon particulates dispersed in a conductive network. The particulates are preferably made from metallurgical grade silicon powder via HF/HNO₃ acid treatment, yielding crystallite sizes from about 1 to 20 nm and pore sizes from about 1 to 100 nm. Surfaces of the particles may be terminated with selected chemical species to further modify the anode performance characteristics. The conductive network is preferably a carbonaceous material or composite, but it may alternatively contain conductive ceramics such as TiN or B₄C. The anode structure may further contain a current collector of copper or nickel mesh or foil.

The invention provides a thin high-strength hot-rolled steel sheet with a thickness of not more than 3.5 mm which has excellent stretch flangeability and high uniformity in both shape and mechanical properties of the steel sheet, as well as a method of producing the hot-rolled steel sheet. A slab containing C: 0.05-0.30 wt %, Si: 0.03-1.0 wt %, Mn: 1.5-3.5 wt %, P: not more than 0.02 wt %, S: not more than 0.005 wt %, Al: not more than 0.150 wt %, N: not more than 0.0200 wt %, and one or two of Nb: 0.003-0.20 wt % and Ti: 0.005-0.20 wt % is heated at a temperature of not higher than 1200° C. The slab is hot-rolled at a finish rolling end temperature of not lower than 800° C., preferably at a finish rolling start temperature of 950-1050° C. A hot-rolled sheet is started to be cooled within two seconds after the end of the rolling, and then continuously cooled down to a coiling temperature at a cooling rate of 20-150° C./sec. The hot-rolled sheet is coiled at a temperature of 300-550° C., preferably in excess of 400° C. A fine bainite structure is obtained in which the mean grain size is not greater than 3.0 mum, the aspect ratio is not more than 1.5, and preferably the maximum size of the major axis is not greater than 10 mum.

A method of forming a polycrystalline silicon layer and an atomic layer deposition apparatus used for the same. The method includes forming an amorphous silicon layer on a substrate, exposing the substrate having the amorphous silicon layer to a hydrophilic or hydrophobic gas atmosphere, placing a mask having at least one open and at least one closed portion over the amorphous silicon layer, irradiating UV light toward the amorphous silicon layer and the mask using a UV lamp, depositing a crystallization-inducing metal on the amorphous silicon layer, and annealing the substrate to crystallize the amorphous silicon layer into a polycrystalline silicon layer. This method and apparatus provide for controlling the seed position and grain size in the formation of a polycrystalline silicon layer.

A carbonaceous material has a plane space d002 of a (002) plane less than 0.337 nm in an X-ray wide angle diffraction method, a crystallite size (Lc) of 90 nm or higher, an R value, as a peak intensity ratio of a peak intensity of 1360 cm<HIL><−1 </SP><PDAT>to a peak intensity of 1580 cm<HIL><−1 </SP><PDAT>in a Raman spectrum in use of an argon ion laser, of 0.20 or higher, and a tap density of 0.75 g/cm<HIL><3 </SP><PDAT>or higher. Also disclosed is a multilayer structure carbonaceous material for electrode, which is manufactured by carbonizing some organic compounds where the carbonaceous material for electrode is mixed with the organic compounds. The battery using the carbonaceous material for electrode or the multilayer structure carbonaceous material for electrode has a large capacity, a small irreversible capacity admitted in the initial cycle, excellent capacity maintaining rate of the cycle, and particularly, largely improved quick charging and discharging characteristics.</PTEXT>

The invention discloses a method for improving the performance of 700 MPa grade V-N microalloyed high strength weathering steel. The method is specific to the characteristics of the sheet billet continuous casting and tandem rolling technology and metallurgy component, and adopts an electric furnace or a revolving furnace to smelt, refine, continuously cast sheet billet which directly enters into a roller hearth to heat after a casting blank concretes, or soaking furnace, hot rolling, laminar flow cooling and wind-up process flow. The chemical composition of molten steel is :C occupies less than or equal to 0.08Wt. percent, Si occupies from 0.25 to 0.75Wt. percent, Mn occupies from 0.2 to 2.0Wt.percent, P occupies less than or equal to 0.025Wt. percent, S occupies less than or equal to 0.040Wt. percent, Cu occupies from 0.25 to 0.60Wt. percent, Cr occupies from 0.30 to 1.25 Wt.percent, Ni occupies less than or equal to 0.65Wt. percent, V occupies from 0.02 to 0.20Wt. percent and N occupies from 0.015 to 0.030 Wt. percent. The invention takes full advantages of the characteristics of the sheet billet continuous casting and tandem rolling short flow process and adopts the V-N microalloyed technique to produce 700 MPa grade high strength weathering steel under the thinning function of VN and V (C, N) nanometer scale precipitate on crystal grain in casting blank of the sheet billet continuous casting and tandem rolling flow and the theory of precipitation strength. By the optimization design of the metallurgy component of V-N microalloyed 700MPa grade high strength weathering steel, the invention increases the low temperature impact ductility of coil of strip and improves the shaping property.

Structures and methods of manufacturing are disclosed of dislocation free stressed channels in bulk silicon and SOI (silicon on insulator) CMOS (complementary metal oxide semiconductor) devices by gate stress engineering with SiGe and/or Si:C. A CMOS device comprises a substrate of either bulk Si or SOI, a gate dielectric layer over the substrate, and a stacked gate structure of SiGe and/or Si:C having stresses produced at the interfaces of SSi(strained Si)/SiGe or SSi/Si:C in the stacked gate structure. The stacked gate structure has a first stressed film layer of large grain size Si or SiGe over the gate dielectric layer, a second stressed film layer of strained SiGe or strained Si:C over the first stressed film layer, and a semiconductor or conductor such as p(poly)-Si over the second stressed film layer.

The invention relates to a sputtering target which has a fine uniform equiaxed grain structure of less than 44 microns, no preferred texture orientation as measured by electron back scattered diffraction (“EBSD”) and that displays no grain size banding or texture banding throughout the body of the target. The invention relates a sputtering target with a lenticular or flattened grain structure, no preferred texture orientation as measured by EBSD and that displays no grain size or texture banding throughout the body of the target and where the target has a layered structure incorporating a layer of the sputtering material and at least one additional layer at the backing plate interface, said layer has a coefficient of thermal expansion (“CTE”) value between the CTE of the backing plate and the CTE of the layer of sputtering material. The invention also relates to thin films and their use of using the sputtering target and other applications, such as coatings, solar devices, semiconductor devices etc. The invention further relates to a process to repair or rejuvenate a sputtering target.

To provide a laser apparatus and a laser annealing method with which a crystalline semiconductor film with a larger crystal grain size is obtained and which are low in their running cost. A solid state laser easy to maintenance and high in durability is used as a laser, and laser light emitted therefrom is linearized to increase the throughput and to reduce the production cost as a whole. Further, both the front side and the back side of an amorphous semiconductor film is irradiated with such laser light to obtain the crystalline semiconductor film with a larger crystal grain size.

The carbon electrode material of the present invention is used for a vanadium redox-flow cell. The carbon electrode material has quasi-graphite crystal structure in which <002> spacing obtained by X-ray wide angle analysis is 3.43 to 3.60 Å, size of a crystallite in c axial direction is 15 to 33 Å and size of crystallite in a axial direction is 30 to 70 Å. In addition, an amount of surface acidic functional groups obtained by XPS surface analysis is 0.1 to 1.2% and total number of surface bound-nitrogen atoms is 5% or smaller relative to total number of surface carbon atoms. The carbon electrode materials formed of a non-woven fabric of a carbonaceouss fiber is preferable.

There is provided a conductive sintered layer forming composition and a conductive sintered layer forming method that can lower heating temperature and shorten heating time for a process of accelerating sintering or bonding by sintering of metal nano-particles coated with an organic substance. The conductive sintered layer forming composition may be obtained by utilizing a phenomenon that particles may be sintered at low temperature by mixing silver oxide with metal particles coated with the organic substance and having a grain size of 1 nm to 5 μm as compared to sintering each simple substance. The conductive sintered layer forming composition of the invention is characterized in that it contains the metal particles whose surface is coated with the organic substance and whose grain size is 1 nm to 5 μm and the silver oxide particles.