The invention belongs to the field of preparing inorganic nonmetal materials, and particularly relates to a preparation method of cobalt molybdate microcrystals. The preparation method comprises the steps of by taking soluble cobalt salt and molybdate as active ingredients, mixing according to certain mole ratio, stirring and reacting at the temperature of 20-50 DEG C for 5-30 minutes, then performing hydrothermal reaction at the temperature of 100-300 DEG C for 6-48 hours; after the hydrothermal reaction is finished, naturally cooling to room temperature, filtering, washing and drying to obtain cobalt molybdate microcrystals. The preparation method is simple and convenient and easy in technology, the cobalt molybdate microcrystals are high in purity, low in impurity content, good in dispersity, low in cost, the diameters of the cobalt molybdate microcrystals range from 1mu m to 5mu m, and the lengths of the cobalt molybdate microcrystals range from 50mum to 100mum. The prepared cobalt molybdate microcrystals are unique in microstructure, regular in sizes, and high in crystallization degree, and can be widely applied in the electronic and electoral, mechanical, chemical, photoelectrical, energy storage and converting, photocatalytic and other fields.