The invention discloses a method for preparing two-dimensional nanosheets by microwave-assisted liquid phase stripping of a layered material. The method comprises the following specific steps: 1) carrying out wet grinding of precursor powder of the layered material with a liquid medium in a mortar; 2) washing the wet-ground mixture with a same liquid medium and transferring into a microwave reaction tube; 3) placing the microwave reaction tube into a microwave reaction device, and carrying out microwave irradiation; 4) after microwave irradiation, washing and filtering the microwave mixture, and collecting a filter membrane; 5) carrying out ultrasonic dispersion of the obtained filter membrane in an organic solvent, and carrying out centrifugal separation, wherein a supernatant is a nanosheet dispersion liquid, and a precipitate is a separated unpeeled phase; and 6) filtering the obtained nanosheet dispersion liquid, collecting a filter membrane, and carrying out vacuum drying to obtain the nanosheet powder. The method is universal, fast and efficient in peeling various layered materials, and the prepared nanosheets are ultra-thin, large in size, small in peeling size reduction andhigh in chemical stability, and have broad application prospects in basic scientific researches, electronics, catalysis, energy, sensing and other hot fields.