3342results about "Hydrocarbon by hydrogenation" patented technology

There is described a process and a catalyst for the hydroalkylation of an aromatic hydrocarbon, particularly benzene, wherein the catalyst comprises a first metal having hydrogenation activity and a crystalline inorganic oxide material having a X-ray diffraction pattern including the following d-spacing maxima 12.4+ / -0.25, 6.9+ / -0.15, 3.57+ / -0.07 and 3.42+ / -0.07.

A lubricating base stock useful for forming lubricants such as a multigrade automotive oils, automatic transmission oils, greases and the like is prepared by hydroisomerizing a waxy hydrocarbon feed fraction having an initial boiling point in the 650-750 DEG F. range and an end point of at least 1050 DEG F., synthesized by a slurry Fischer-Tropsch hydrocarbon synthesis process. The hydroisomerization forms a hydroisomerate containing the desired base stock which is recovered, without dewaxing the hydroisomerate. The hydroisomerization is conducted at conditions effective to convert at least 67 wt. % of the 650-750 DEG F.+ waxy feed hydrocarbons to lower boiling hydrocarbons. When combined with a standard lubricant additive package, these base stocks have been formed into multigrade automotive crankcase oils, transmission oils and hydraulic oils meeting the specifications for these oils.

The invention relates to a process for the manufacture of diesel range hydrocarbons wherein a feed is hydrotreated in a hydrotreating step and isomerised in an isomerisation step, and a feed comprising fresh feed containing more than 5 wt % of free fatty acids and at least one diluting agent is hydrotreated at a reaction temperature of 200-400° C., in a hydrotreating reactor in the presence of catalyst, and the ratio of the diluting agent / fresh feed is 5-30:1.

The invention discloses a device and technique for producing cyclohexane by benzene hydrogenation. The device for producing cyclohexane by benzene hydrogenation comprises a reactor, a superfine bubble generator and a bubble breaker, wherein the reactor is provided with a first containing cavity; the wall of the first containing cavity is provided with a feed port, a circulation discharge port, a circulation return port and a gas phase outlet; the superfine bubble generator is provided with a second containing cavity; the wall of the second containing cavity is provided with a return port and a gas phase outlet; the return port of the superfine bubble generator communicates with the circulation return port of the reactor; the bubble breaker is arranged in the second containing cavity; the bubble breaker is provided with a gas phase inlet and a liquid phase inlet which communicates with the circulation discharge port of the reactor; and the gas phase inlet of the bubble breaker communicates with the gas phase outlet of the reactor. The device disclosed by the embodiment of the invention has the advantages of high mass transfer efficiency, high reaction rate, short reaction time, low material consumption and energy consumption, simple structure, low manufacturing cost and low maintenance cost.

A method for upgrading a naphtha feed to a naphtha product containing less than about 10 wppm of nitrogen and less than about 15 wppm sulfur, the method comprising contacting said naphtha feed with hydrogen in the presence of a bulk multimetallic catalyst under effective reactor conditions to hydrodesulfurize and hydrodenitrogenize said naphtha feed to produce said naphtha product, wherein said bulk multimetallic catalyst comprises at least one Group VIII non-noble metal and at least two Group VIB metals.

A dewaxing process for lowering the haze point of a bright stock which includes contacting a bright stock in the presence of added hydrogen gas with a Zeolite EU-1 catalyst in combination with a ZSM-48 and / or SSZ-32 catalyst.

The present invention generally relates to a method for producing an isoparaffinic product useful as jet fuel from a renewable feedstock. The method may also include co-producing a jet fuel and a liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) fraction from a renewable feedstock. The method includes hydrotreating the renewable feedstock to produce a hydrotreating unit heavy fraction that includes n-paraffins and hydroisomerizing the hydrotreating unit heavy fraction to produce a hydroizomerizing unit heavy fraction that includes isoparaffins. The method also includes recycling the hydroisomerizing unit heavy fraction through the hydroisomerization unit to produce an isoparaffinic product that may be fractionated into a jet fuel and an LPG fraction. The present invention also relates to a jet fuel produced from a renewable feedstock having improved cold flow properties.

A catalyst composition and process for the conversion of linear and / or branched paraffin hydrocarbons based on the use of an ionic liquid catalyst in combination with a Brønsted Acid, which provides a catalytic composition with an increased activity compared with said ionic liquid. Under suitable reaction conditions this conversion is leading to paraffin hydrocarbon fraction with higher octane number.

This invention relates to a process to produce a polyalpha-olefin comprising: 1) contacting one or more alpha-olefin monomers having 3 to 24 carbon atoms with an unbridged substituted bis cyclopentadienyl transition metal compound having: 1) at least one non-isoolefin substitution on both cyclopentadientyl rings, or 2) at least two substitutions on at least one cyclopentadienyl ring, a non-coordinating anion activator, and optionally an alkyl-aluminum compound, where the molar ratio of transition metal compound to activator is 10:1 to 0.1:1, and if the alkyl aluminum compound is present then the molar ratio of alkyl aluminum compound to transition metal compound is 1:4 to 4000:1, under polymerization conditions wherein: i) hydrogen is present at a partial pressure of 0.1 to 50 psi, based upon the total pressure of the reactor or the concentration of the hydrogen is from 1 to 10,000 ppm or less by weight; ii) wherein the alpha-olefin monomer(s) having 3 to 24 carbon atoms are present at 10 volume % or more based upon the total volume of the catalyst / activator / alkylaluminum compound solutions, monomers, and any diluents or solvents present in the reaction; iii) the residence time of the reaction is at least 5 minutes; iv) the productivity of the process is at least 43,000 grams of total product per gram of transition metal compound; v) the process is continuous or semi-continuous, and vi) the temperature in the reaction zone does not rise by more than 10° C. during the reaction; and vii) ethylene is not present at more than 30 volume % of the monomers entering the reaction zone; and 2) obtaining a polyalpha-olefin (PAO), optionally hydrogenating the PAO, wherein the PAO comprises at least 50 mole % of a C3 to C24 alpha-olefin monomer, and wherein the PAO has a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of 20 cSt or less.

A high VI and low pour point lubricant base stock is made by hydroisomerizing a high purity, waxy, paraffinic Fischer-Tropsch synthesized hydrocarbon fraction having an initial boiling point in the range of 650-750° F., followed by catalytically dewaxing the hydroisomerate using a dewaxing catalyst comprising a catalytic platinum component and an H-mordenite component. The hydrocarbon fraction is preferably synthesized by a slurry Fischer-Tropsch using a catalyst containing a catalytic cobalt component. This combination of the process, high purity, waxy paraffinic feed and the Pt / H-mordenite dewaxing catalyst, produce a relatively high yield of premium lubricant base stock.

Feedstock originating from renewable sources is converted to hydrocarbons in diesel fuel distillation range by contacting with a supported catalyst comprising VIII group metal / metals, whereby the consumption of hydrogen is decreased.

This disclosure provides for alpha olefin oligomers and polyalphaolefins (or PAOs) and methods of making the alpha olefin oligomers and PAOs. This disclosure encompasses metallocene-based alpha olefin oligomerization catalyst systems, including those that include at least one metallocene and an activator comprising a solid oxide chemically-treated with an electron withdrawing anion. The alpha olefin oligomers and PAOs prepared with these catalyst systems can have a high viscosity index combined with a low pour point, making them particularly useful in lubricant compositions and as viscosity modifiers.

Feedstock originating from renewable sources is converted to hydrocarbons in diesel fuel distillation range by contacting with a supported catalyst comprising VIII group metal / metals, whereby the consumption of hydrogen is decreased.

A method for upgrading a naphtha feed to a naphtha product containing less than about 10 wppm of nitrogen and less than about 15 wppm sulfur, the method comprising contacting said naphtha feed with hydrogen in the presence of a bulk multimetallic catalyst under effective reactor conditions to hydrodesulfurize and hydrodenitrogenize said naphtha feed to produce said naphtha product, wherein said bulk multimetallic catalyst comprises at least one Group VIII non-noble metal and at least two Group VIB metals.

The present invention generally relates to biochemical and chemical industry, and more particularly to a method which can be used in fermenting carbohydrate substrates of plant origin for producing C1-C5 alcohols, and for synthesis of higher alcohols, other oxygen-containing compounds and hydrocarbons as well as for the production of motor fuel components from biomass. Since C6 and higher alcohols, ethers, acetals, and higher hydrocarbons are not obtainable by a direct biochemical route, it is proposed to synthesize these using known chemical reactions, wherein by-products of fermentation are as raw materials for said synthesis.

A process where the need to circulate hydrogen through the catalyst is eliminated. This is accomplished by mixing and / or flashing the hydrogen and the oil to be treated in the presence of a solvent or diluent in which the hydrogen solubility is “high” relative to the oil feed. The type and amount of diluent added, as well as the reactor conditions, can be set so that all of the hydrogen required in the hydroprocessing reactions is available in solution. The oil / diluent / hydrogen solution can then be fed to a plug flow reactor packed with catalyst where the oil and hydrogen react. No additional hydrogen is required, therefore, hydrogen recirculation is avoided and trickle bed operation of the reactor is avoided. Therefore, the large trickle bed reactors can be replaced by much smaller tubular reactor.

A premium synthetic lubricating oil base stock having a high VI and low pour point is made by hydroisomerizing a Fischer-Tropsch synthesized waxy, paraffinic feed wax and then dewaxing the hydroisomerate to form a 650-750° F.+ dewaxate. The waxy feed has an initial boiling point in the range of about 650-750° F., from which it continuously boils up to at least 1050° F. and has a T90-T10 temperature difference of at least 350° F. The feed is preferably hydroisomerized without any pretreatment, other than optional fractionation. The 650-750° F.+ dewaxate is fractionated into two or more base stocks of different viscosity.

A method for producing lubricant base oils is provided comprising the steps of: (a) separating a feedstock into a light lubricant base oil fraction and a heavy fraction; (b) hydroisomerizing the fractions over a medium pore size molecular sieve catalyst under hydroisomerization conditions to produce an isomerized light lubricant base oil fraction having a pour point less than or equal to a target pour point of the lubricant base oils and an isomerized heavy fraction having a pour point of equal to or greater than the target pour point of the lubricant base oils and a cloud point greater than the target cloud point of the lubricant base oils; and (c) dehazing the isomerized heavy fraction to provide a heavy lubricant base oil having a pour point less than or equal to the target pour point of the lubricant base oils and a cloud point less than or equal to the target cloud point of the lubricant base oils.

A catalyst comprising at least one metal of the 10th group of the Periodic Table of the Elements and at least one metal of the 11th group of the Periodic Table of the Elements on an aluminum oxide support, wherein the metal or metals of the 10th group is or are essentially concentrated in an outer layer close to the surface of the catalyst particle, the metal or metals of the 11th group is or are distributed essentially uniformly over the volume of the catalyst particle and the weight ratio of the metal or metals of the 11th group to the metal or metals of the 10th group is not more than 1.95.

A process is disclosed for generating pure aromatic compounds from a reformed gasoline which contains aromatic compounds, olefins, diolefin, and triolefins, which comprises the steps of: (a) selectively hydrogenating the olefins, diolefins and triolefins in the reformed gasoline to obtain a mixture of hydrogenated, non-aromatic compounds and aromatic compounds; and (b) separating the aromatic compounds from the hydrogenated, non-aromatic compounds in the mixture formed during step (a) by either extractive distillation, liquid-liquid extraction or both to obtain the pure aromatic compounds.

An improved dehydrogenation catalyst bed system for olefin production utilizing classical processing techniques is disclosed. The catalyst bed system comprises a dehydrogenation catalyst comprising an active component selected from an oxide of a metal of Group 4 or Group 5 or Group 6 and combinations thereof and a support selected from aluminum oxide, aluminas, alumina monohydrate, alumina trihydrate, alumina-silica, transition aluminas, alpha-alumina, silica, silicate, aluminates, calcined hydrotalcites, zeolites and combinations thereof mixed with a first inert material selected from any material that is catalytically inactive when subjected to reaction conditions that can effect dehydrogenation of olefins and that has a high density and high heat capacity and that is not capable of producing heat during any stage of the dehydrogenation process, and the dehydrogenation catalyst plus the first inert material then being physically mixed with a secondary component comprising a heat-generating inert material and a carrier capable of supporting the heat-generating inert material, wherein the secondary component is catalytically inert with respect to dehydrogenation reactions or to cracking or to coking and generates heat after being exposed to reducing and / or to oxidizing reaction conditions.

A process has been developed for producing diesel boiling range fuel from renewable feedstocks such as plant oils and animal oils, fats, and greases. The process involves treating a renewable feedstock by hydrogenating and deoxygenating i.e. decarboxylating, decarbonylating, and / or hydrodeoxygenating to provide a hydrocarbon fraction useful as a diesel boiling range fuel or diesel boiling range fuel blending component. If desired, the hydrocarbon fraction can be isomerized to improve cold flow properties. A portion of the hydrogenated and deoxygenated feedstock is selectively separated and then recycled to the treatment zone to increase the hydrogen solubility of the reaction mixture.

This invention relates to a polyalpha-olefin (and hydrogenated analogs thereof) comprising more than 50 mole % of one or more C5 to C24 alpha-olefin monomers where the polyalpha-olefin has: a) 40 mole % or more of mm triads, b) a Bromine number of Y or greater, where Y is equal to 89.92*(V)′°5863, where V is the Kinematic Viscosity of the polyalpha-olefin measured at 100° C. in cSt, and c) 1,2 disubstituted olefins present at 7 mole % or more, preferably having Z mole % or more of units represented by the formula: where j, k and m are each, independently, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, or 22, n is an integer from 1 to 350, and where Z=8.420*Log(V)−4.048, where V is the kinematic viscosity of the polyalpha-olefin measured at 1000 C in cSt This invention also relates to process to produce such polyalpha-olefins.

The invention relates to a selective hydrogenation method of high unsaturated hydrocarbons in C4 fractions, which is characterized in that salvage stores which are rich in acetylene hydrocarbon and prepared by extracting butadiene are used as the material, and a fixed bed reactor is adopted to obtain 1, 3-budiene by selective hydrogenation under the existence of a catalyst. The adopted process conditions are as follows: the reaction temperature is between 30 DEG C and 90 DEG C, the reaction pressure is between 1.0 MPa and 4.0 MPa and the liquid space velocity is 7 to 20h<-1>. The catalyst is preferably a palladium system catalyst with alumina as a carrier, the specific surface is 50 to 150m<2> / g and the specific pore volume is 0.25 to 1.0ml / g. The method has remarkable good effects on reducing waste of resources and improving economic benefits by effectively utilizing the salvage stores rich in acetylene hydrocarbon and prepared by extracting butadiene.

The present invention is directed to a method for preparing renewable and relatively high purity p-xylene from biomass. For example, biomass treated to provide a fermentation feedstock is fermented with a microorganism capable of producing a C4 alcohol such as isobutanol, then sequentially dehydrating the isobutanol in the presence of a dehydration catalyst to provide a C4 alkene such as isobutylene, dimerizing the C4 alkene to a form one or more C8 alkenes such as 2,4,4-trimethylpentenes or 2,5-dimethylhexene, then dehydrocyclizing the C8 alkenes in the presence of a dehydrocyclization catalyst to selectively form renewable p-xylene in high overall yield. The p-xylene can then be oxidized to form terephthalic acid or terephthalate esters.

A catalyst and process is disclosed to selectively upgrade a paraffinic feedstock to obtain an isoparaffin-rich product for blending into gasoline. The catalyst comprises a support of a sulfated oxide or hydroxide of a Group IVB (IUPAC 4) metal, a first component comprising at least one Group III A (IUPAC 13) component, and at least one platinum-group metal component which is preferably platinum.

Process for the production of gasoline with a low sulfur content that comprises at least the following two stages:a) a hydrogenation stage of the unsaturated sulfur containing compounds,b) a decomposition stage of saturated sulfur containing compounds,and optionally a preliminary stage for pretreatment of the feedstock such as selective hydrogenation of dienes.

A catalyst for the selective oxidation of hydrogen has been developed. It comprises an inert core such as cordierite and an outer layer comprising a lithium aluminate support. The support has dispersed thereon a platinum group metal and a promoter metal, e.g. platinum and tin respectively. This catalyst is particularly effective in the selective oxidation of hydrogen in a dehydrogenation process.