The invention discloses a preparation technology of an intermetallic compound based ceramic composite coating on the surface of a titanium alloy. The preparation technology comprises the following steps of: (1) uniformly mixing cladding material powder, preparing mixed powder into paste with a water glass solution, uniformly coating the surface of the titanium alloy with the paste with the coating thickness of 0.5-1.0mm, carrying out airing, and (2) carrying out laser cladding on the coating on the surface of the titanium alloy with the laser power of 800-1200W and the laser scanning speed of 2.5-7.5mm / s, and blowing argon for shielding with the shielding gas pressure of 0.2-0.4MPa, wherein a laser spot diameter is fixed at 4mm.The mixed cladding material powder comprises the following ingredients by mass percentage: 25-65% of Ti, 20-60% of Al, 5-30% of Si and 0-3% of Y2O3, or 25-65% of Ti, 20-60% of Al, 5-30% of Si, 2-40% of B4C and 0-3% of Y2O3, or 25-65% of Ti, 20-60% of Al, 5-30% of Si, 5-40% of TiC, and 0-3% of Y2O3. The composite coating prepared by the technology can significantly increase microhardness of the titanium alloy, improve wear resistance of titanium alloy components, and extend an application scope of titanium alloy spare parts.