The invention discloses a real-time optimal configuration method for lane resources of a multi-lane expressway. The real-time optimal configuration method for the lane resources of the multi-lane expressway comprises the following steps of traffic data acquisition, equivalent traffic volume confirmation, saturability calculation, passenger car and freight truck separation confirmation, lane resource configuration, lane speed limitation confirmation and real-time information issuing. Flow data of different vehicles running on the expressway are acquired and analyzed in real time, whether passenger cars and freight trucks on the expressway need to be separated from each other or not is determined, lane speed limitation measures under the condition of passenger car and freight truck separation and lane speed limitation measures under the condition of passenger car and freight truck combination are confirmed, and a real-time lane resource configuration scheme is formed. The lane resources of the expressway are distributed and controlled in real time, safety problems caused by mixed flow of the passenger cars and the freight trucks are reduced, speed advantages of the different vehicles can be played to a maximum extent, and the traffic efficiency of the expressway is improved.