10375 results about "Equalization" patented technology

A combination mouth and nasal mask (40) for assisted respiration or CPAP is disclosed. The combination mask (40) has a frame (42) to the rear side of which is mounted a separate nasal cushion (44) and mouth cushion (46). Both the nasal cushion (44) and the mouth cushion (46) separately form a rolled edge seal around the patient's face in the vicinity of the nose and in the vicinity of the lips. Inlet air is communicated from within the housing (48) to the mouth chamber, circumscribed by the mouth cushion (46) by means of one or more interconnecting tubes (62). The proportion of air communicated to the mouth chamber (48) is controlled by the sizing and number of the tube(s), thus providing for free flow of air, restricted flow of air and pressure equalization, or zero flow of air. A mouth mask (10) for assisted respiration or CPAP also is disclosed.

A pipelined digital data receiver for a cable TV headend which is capable of receiving DOCSIS 1.0 or 1.1 or advanced PHY TDMA or SCDMA bursts having programmable symbol rates and programmable modulation types as well as a host of other burst parameters such at Trellis code modulation on or off, scrambling on or off, various values for Reed-Solomon T number and codeword length. The receiver has an RF section to filter and digitize incoming RF signals. It also has an input section to detect impulse noise and do match filtering and despread SCDMA bursts. A timing recovery section recovers the symbol clock and detects the start of bursts and collisions. A rotational amplifier and equalizer calculate and track gain, phase and frequency offsets and correct symbols and calculates equalization coefficients. A decoder section decodes TCM and non TCM bursts, and a Reed-Solomon decoder section reconstructs RS codewords and uses them to error correct the payload data.

A system and method for delivering increased speed, security, and intelligence to wireline and wireless systems. The present invention includes a new generation Fast Circuit Switch (packet / circuit) Communication processors and platform which enables a new Internet Exchange Networking Processor Architecture at the edge and core of every communication system, for next generation Web Operating System or Environment (WOE) to operate on with emphasis of a non-local processor or networking processor with remote web computing capabilities.

A intelligent backhaul radio have an advanced antenna system for use in PTP or PMP topologies. The antenna system provides a significant diversity benefit. Antenna configurations are disclosed that provide for increased transmitter to receiver isolation, adaptive polarization and MIMO transmission equalization. Adaptive optimization of transmission parameters based upon side information provided in the form of metric feedback from a far end receiver utilizing the antenna system is also disclosed.

An apparatus and method for metabolic cooling and insulation of a user in a cold environment. In its preferred embodiment the apparatus is a highly flexible composite material having a flexible matrix containing a phase change thermal storage material. The apparatus can be made to heat or cool the body or to act as a thermal buffer to protect the wearer from changing environmental conditions. The apparatus may also include an external thermal insulation layer and / or an internal thermal control layer to regulate the rate of heat exchange between the composite and the skin of the wearer. Other embodiments of the apparatus also provide 1) a path for evaporation or direct absorption of perspiration from the skin of the wearer for improved comfort and thermal control, 2) heat conductive pathways within the material for thermal equalization, 3) surface treatments for improved absorption or rejection of heat by the material, and 4) means for quickly regenerating the thermal storage capacity for reuse of the material. Applications of the composite materials are also described which take advantage of the composite's thermal characteristics. The examples described include a diver's wet suit, ski boot liners, thermal socks, gloves and a face mask for cold weather activities, and a metabolic heating or cooling blanket useful for treating hypothermia or fever patients in a medical setting and therapeutic heating or cooling orthopedic joint supports.

A volume of fluid moved by a pump, such as a pump in an APD system, may be determined without direct measurement of the fluid, such as by flow meter, weight, etc. For example, a volume of a pump chamber (181) (having a movable element that varies the volume of the pump chamber) may be determined by measuring pressure in the pump chamber and a reference chamber, both while the two chambers are isolated from each other, and after the two chambers are fluidly connected so that pressures in the chambers may equalize. Equalization of the pressures may be assumed to occur in an adiabatic way, e.g., a mathematical model of the system that is based on an adiabatic pressure equalization process may be used to determine the pump chamber volume. In one embodiment, pressures measured after the chambers are fluidly connected may be measured at a time before complete pressure equalization has occurred, and thus the pressures for the pump and reference chambers measured after the chambers are fluidly connected may be unequal, yet still be used to determine the pump chamber volume.

A release mechanism for use with setting wellbore isolation tools, such as packers or bridge plugs. The release mechanism typically includes a release piston which selectively isolates equalization ports extending from the interior to the exterior of a setting tool body. The release piston may be activated to allow equalization of pressure across the sealing elements of a set isolation tool, typically by applying pressure to the annular space above the isolation tool. The release mechanism may be used to allow a tool body (such as a setting or retrieving tool) to be removed from a set isolation tool under conditions in which high pressure differential exists across the isolation tool.

A random code length polar encoding method includes: during construction of a polar code, if the code length is not the power of 2, using a group of virtual channels with the capacity of zero for supplementing the channel number to be the power of 2; performing mixed mapping for each channel according to the capacity equalization principle; and performing polar conversion for the obtained channels, selecting the channels with higher capacity from converted channels according to the designed bitrate for transmitting information bit sequences, and using the rest channels for transmitting a known fixed bit sequence of a receiving end and a transmitting end. The method enables polar encoding to allow the code length to be an optional positive integer and is applicable to multi-carrier and high-order modulation systems, and the added perforating operation enables the encoding bit sequences outputted by an encoder to be optional in length; by means of channel mixed mapping, polar encoding can adapt to different component channels of parallel channels, so that anti-noise performance is good; and flexibility of using polar codes for a practical digital communication system is greatly improved, and accordingly the method has good application prospect.

An audio system installed in a listening space may include a signal processor and a plurality of loudspeakers. The audio system may be tuned with an automated audio tuning system to optimize the sound output of the loudspeakers within the listening space. The automated audio tuning system may provide automated processing to determine at least one of a plurality of settings, such as channel equalization settings, delay settings, gain settings, crossover settings, bass optimization settings and group equalization settings. The settings may be generated by the automated audio tuning system based on an audio response produced by the loudspeakers in the audio system. The automated tuning system may generate simulations of the application of settings to the audio response to optimize tuning.

A vented vial adapter has a filter attached to a vent arm that includes at least two filter media for suppressing aerosolized medicaments from leaving the vial and suppressing bacteria and other contaminants from entering the vial during reconstitution activities of the medication in the vial. The filter media allows the passage of air to the atmosphere outside the vial for pressure equalization. In another aspect, a third filter medium is used in the vent of the adapter to allow gas to pass in either direction through it, but prevents bacteria and particulate matter in the atmosphere from reaching the second filter device. A first filter is hydrophobic and prevents non-dispersed liquid from reaching the second filter, while conducting liquid dispersed in gas. The second filter absorbs the liquid dispersed in gas.

A digital broadcast transmitting and receiving system and a signal processing method thereof that improves the receiving performance of the system. A digital broadcast transmitter can include a randomizer to receive and randomize a data stream into a specified position of which stuff bytes are inserted, a stuff-byte exchange unit to generate known data having a predefined pattern and insert the known data into the specified position of the data stream into which the stuff bytes are inserted, an encoder to encode the data stream output from the stuff-byte exchange unit for an error correction, and a modulator and RF converter to modulate the encoded data stream, RF-convert the modulated data stream and transmit the RF-converted data. The digital broadcast receiving performance can be improved even in an inferior multi-path channel by detecting the known data from the received transmission and using the known data for synchronization and equalization in a digital broadcast receiver.

A method, apparatus and system are disclosed herein for loudspeaker equalization. In one embodiment, the system comprises an input for receiving samples of an input signal, a pre-compensator to produce a pre-compensated output in response to the samples of an input signal, parameters of a loudspeaker model, and previously predistorted samples of the input signal, and a loudspeaker, corresponding to the loudspeaker model, to produce an audio output in response to the pre-compensated output.

Systems and methods for bilateral treatment of a patient having a head with a first ear and a second ear function by aligning a first device with a target tissue of the first ear; aligning a second device with a target tissue of the second ear; and therapeutically remodeling, with synchronization, the target tissues of the first and second ear with the first and second aligned devices, respectively.

A method and apparatus for compensating for channel distortion is disclosed. In the present invention, equalization is performed in the treating sequence mode when the moving ghost does not exist in the channel and there is no possibility that the equalizer diverges, the data mode is cancelled and the equalization is carried out in the blind mode when the moving ghost does not exist in the channel but there is a possibility that the equalizer diverges, the equalizer is executed in the data mode when there is no possibility that the equalizer diverges but there exists the moving ghost including slowly moving ghosts in the channel, and the equalization is performed in the data mode and blind mode when the moving ghost exists and there is a possibility that the equalizer diverges.

Techniques for calculating the system characteristic of the adaptive filtering used for equalization and echo-suppression in a digital communications receiver, such as one used for receiving over-the-air broadcast digital television signal, are described. In these techniques, the system characteristic of the adaptive filtering is calculated from the discrete Fourier transform of successive portions of the input signal supplied to the adaptive filtering and from the discrete Fourier transform of corresponding portions of the transmitted signal, as estimated in the receiver. Receivers for implementing these techniques in various ways are also disclosed.

A vented vial adapter has a filter attached to a vent arm that includes at least two filter media for suppressing aerosolized medicaments from leaving the vial and suppressing bacteria and other contaminants from entering the vial during reconstitution activities of the medication in the vial. The filter media allows the passage of air to the atmosphere outside the vial for pressure equalization. In another aspect, a third filter medium is used in the vent of the adapter to allow gas to pass in either direction through it, but prevents bacteria and particulate matter in the atmosphere from reaching the second filter device. A first filter is hydrophobic and prevents non-dispersed liquid from reaching the second filter, while conducting liquid dispersed in gas. The second filter absorbs the liquid dispersed in gas.

In described embodiments, adaptive equalization of a signal in, for example, Serializer / De-serializer transceivers by a) monitoring a data eye in a data path with an eye detector for signal amplitude and / or transition; b) setting the equalizer response of at least one equalizer in the signal path while the signal is present for statistical calibration of the data eye; c) monitoring the data eye and setting the equalizer during periods in which received data is allowed to contain errors (such as link initiation and training periods) and periods in which receive data integrity is to be maintained (such as normal data communication).

Multiple passes are executed in the setup of an equalizer, and modification of the equalization is performed after each pass of an analysis phase. After an initial pass, the equalization is adjusted, based upon the location of peaks and valleys in the system response. This initial adjustment of equalization may tend to flatten most of the peaks and valleys to produce the desired uniform linear response. Inexact application of equalization corrections may introduce other artifacts into the system response and / or may not sufficiently normalize equalization. A second pass is then performed to measure the system response using the new equalization settings. The new peaks and valleys are measured, and the equalization adjusted to try to flatten response further. A proximity range may be applied to each pass, to reduce the likelihood that adjustment of one equalizer coefficient will create artifacts in the resulting system response.

A dynamic equalization system 12 for use in audio reproduction systems. The apparatus includes a chirp tone generator 38 which produces a tone having multiple frequencies. The chirp tone is broadcast into the listening space 10 from a transducer 14. The broadcast chirp tone is monitored by a second transducer 22 at the listening position to produce a received chirp tone. The received tone and the original tone are compared in a coefficient computer 44 connected to a programmable equalizer 42. The equalizer 42 uses the signal from the coefficient computer to compensate for irregularities 47 in listening space 10 and transducer 14 to produce a substantially undistorted listening experience from source 28 in listening space 10. The first step of the method of the invention is generation of a chirp tone. The chirp tone includes multiple frequencies. The chirp tone is broadcast into the listening space from a transducer placed at the selected transducer position. The broadcast chirp tone is next monitored by a transducer at the listening position to produce a received chirp tone. The received tone is then compared to the generated chirp tone and differences noted. The differences are used to program an equalizer for correction of sound. The process is done for each position where a transducer is located. Finally, sound from a program source is routed through the equalizer to the transducers for a corrected sound.

Disclosed is a digital broadcasting transmission / reception system having an improved reception performance and a signal-processing method thereof. A digital broadcasting transmitter comprises a TS stream generator for inputting robust and normal packets having stuff bytes in predetermined positions and generating dual TS stream by inserting the robust packets between the normal packets; a randomizer for randomizing the dual TS stream; a stuff byte exchanger for replacing the stuff bytes of a randomized data streams from the randomizer to a predetermined known data; and an encoder for encoding a data streams to which the known data is inserted. Accordingly, the present invention detects the known data from a signal received from a reception side and uses the detected known data for synchronization and equalization, so that the digital broadcasting reception performance can be improved at poor multipath channels.

A method of seating a fluid reservoir in a housing of a fluid infusion device is presented here. The method is performed prior to establishing an outgoing fluid flow path from the fluid reservoir. The method begins by detecting insertion of the fluid reservoir into the housing of the fluid infusion device. In response to detecting the insertion, the method determines whether the fluid reservoir is in need of depressurization. When the fluid reservoir is in need of depressurization, the drive motor assembly of the fluid infusion device is rewound to depressurize the fluid reservoir. After depressurizing the fluid reservoir, an equalization state for the fluid reservoir is achieved. After achieving the equilibrium state, the drive motor assembly is advanced to obtain an initial seated state for the fluid reservoir.

A digital broadcast transmitting / receiving system and a signal processing method thereof that can improve the receiving performance of the system. A digital broadcast transmitter has a randomizer to randomize an input data stream which has null bytes being inserted at a specified position, a multiplexer to output a data stream formed by inserting specified known data into the position of the null bytes of the randomized data stream, an encoder to encode the data stream outputted from the multiplexer, and a modulator / RF-converter to modulate the encoded data, RF-convert the modulated data and transmit the RF-converted data. The receiving performance of the digital broadcast transmitting / receiving system can be improved even in a multi-path channel by detecting the known data from the received signal and using the known data in synchronization and equalization in a digital broadcast receiver.

A digital broadcasting transmission and / or reception system having an improved reception performance and a signal-processing method thereof. A digital broadcasting transmitter comprises a randomizer to input and randomize data streams including a plurality of segments having at least one segment having one or more null packets, a null packet exchanger to create known data having a predetermined pattern and to replace the null packets at positions of the segments having the null packets of the randomized data streams to insert the known data, an encoder to encode the data streams to which the known data is inserted, and a modulation / RF unit to modulate, RF-modulate, and transmit the encoded data streams. A digital broadcasting receiver detects the known data from a signal received from the digital broadcasting transmitter and uses the detected known data for synchronization and equalization, so that a digital broadcasting reception performance of the digital broadcasting receiver can be improved at poor multipath channels.

To effectively suppress a signal in a low frequency region in which the medium noise and the signal distortion are concentrated, and in order to effectively utilize a detected component of the reproduced signal in the low frequency region, a target of partial response equalization to the perpendicularly recorded / reproduced signal is set so that the low-frequency component around the direct current is suppressed to a regulated quantity for both the effective suppression and the effective utilization. Accordingly, a maximum-likelihood decoding process is carried out through the target of partial response equalization. Reliability of data detection is made higher and a signal-to-noise ratio is improved, so that the noise from the recording medium can be reduced more and it is possible to provide a high-density magnetic recording / reproducing apparatus.

A noise reduction circuit for reducing the effects of low frequency noise such as wind noise in communications applications is described. In one embodiment, the noise reduction circuit features a high pass filter formed by exploiting the existing off-chip AC coupling capacitances in making the connection to the source of audio signals. The filter may be adaptive to environmental low frequency noise level through programming the shunt resistances. A low-noise wide dynamic range programmable gain amplifier is also described. Adaptive equalization of the audio signal is also described through the utilization of programmable front-end resistors and a back-end audio equalizer.

A cable including circuitry for asserting information to a user or external device and a system including such a cable. The cable can include conductors, a memory storing cable data, and circuitry configured to respond to a request received on at least one of the conductors by accessing at least some of the cable data and asserting the accessed data serially to at least one of the conductors (e.g., for transmission to an external device). Other aspects of the invention are methods for accessing cable data stored in a cable and optionally using the data (e.g., to implement equalization). The cable data can be indicative of all or some of cable type, grade, speed, length, and impedance, a date code, a frequency-dependent attenuation table, far-end crosstalk and EMI-related coefficients, common mode radiation, intra pair skew, and other information. The cable can include a radiation-emitting element and circuitry for generating driving signals for causing the radiation-emitting element to produce an appropriate color, brightness, and / or blinking pattern.

A terminal voltage equalization circuit is used to equalize the terminal voltage of the series of connected battery strings so that each battery in the series of connected battery strings can be equally charged. When voltage of a certain battery in the battery string is higher than that of the other batteries, the battery voltage sensing and controlling circuit will output a high frequency signal to drive the switch devices to transit power from the high voltage batteries to the low voltage batteries by transformer. By the high switching switches, the charging currents through the batteries with high terminal voltages can be reduced, the charging currents through the batteries with low terminal voltages can be enhanced, and therefore the damages to the batteries due to overcharging can be avoided and speedy balance of the terminal voltages between each battery can be achieved.

A method is provided for an equalization strategy for compensating channel distortions in a dual-polarization optical transport system wherein the received signal includes a complex signal of a first transmitted polarization component and a complex signal of a second transmitted polarization component. In a first step, a blind self-recovery mode used a blind adaptation algorithm in calculating and modifying multiple complex equalizer transfer function coefficients to enable recovery of only the complex signal of the first transmitted polarization component. By recovering only a single polarization component in the first step the degenerate case of recovering only a single transmitted signal at both polarization component outputs of an equalizer is prevented. In a second step, equalization is performed in a training mode for calculating and modifying the multiple complex equalizer transfer function coefficients to enable recovery of the complex signals of the first and second transmitted polarization components. In a third step, equalization is performed in a data directed mode for continuing to calculate and modify the multiple complex equalizer transfer function coefficients to ensure continued recovery of the complex signals of the first and second transmitted polarization components. The method is suited for a digital signal processing implementation in a coherent receiver when a modulation scheme used on a transmitted signal is quadriphase-shift keying (QPSK). In other embodiments, the method can be used with modulation schemes such as binary PSK, M-ary PSK where M>4, or Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM).

An equalization system and method. In a most general sense, the inventive equalization system includes first and second filters for filtering an in-phase component of a received signal in accordance with first and second sets of coefficients, respectively. The system includes third and fourth filters for filtering a quadrature component of the input signal in accordance with third and fourth sets of coefficients, respectively. The outputs of the first and third filters are subtracted to provide an equalized in-phase output signal and the outputs of the second and fourth filters are added to provide an equalized quadrature output signal. In the illustrative embodiment the filters are finite impulse response filters and the coefficients are provided by a microprocessor. In accordance with the present teachings, the filters are implemented in a general purpose filter. The delay elements of the filters are calculated in accordance with a mean square error algorithm. Accordingly, the coefficients are the product of the correlation between inputs to the delay elements and a cross correlation between the inputs and a set of values representative of a desired response.