The invention discloses an asphalt-based nanoporous carbon material, a negative material thereof, and a lithium ion battery. The asphalt-based nanoporous carbon material is prepared by mainly using 0.1-10g of asphalt, 3-50g of anhydrous aluminum trichloride, 100-400ml of anhydrous carbon tetrachloride and 200-500ml of a reaction terminating agent, and the amounts of the above raw materials can be freely adjusted in proportion. The asphalt-based nanoporous carbon material is prepared by mainly using asphalt, anhydrous aluminum chloride, anhydrous carbon tetrachloride and the reaction termination agent, and asphalt and anhydrous carbon tetrachloride undergo a Friedel-Crafts crosslinking reaction through a nanometer pore forming technology, so the obtained asphalt-based carbon material has a porous structure and a high specific surface area, and the negative material prepared by using the asphalt-based nanoporous carbon material has the characteristics of strong electrolyte imbibition and retention ability, good processing performance, low price and the like, and can greatly improve the cycle performances of the lithium ion battery.