A device for generating droplets includes a substrate comprising a reservoir site configured to hold a liquid and including a first
electrode, a droplet creation site including a second
electrode, and droplet separation site disposed between the reservoir site and the droplet creation site and containing an
electrode. The device includes control circuitry operatively coupled to the first, second, and third electrodes. The control circuitry is configured to measure the
fluid volume on the electrodes and independently adjust an applied
voltage to increase / decrease the quantity of fluid. The device can move fluid onto the creation site or back onto to the reservoir site. When the
fluid volume is at the desired value or range, a driving
voltage is delivered to the first and second electrodes to form a new droplet. The device may generate droplets having a uniform or user-defined size smaller than the electrode.