2990 results about "Charged particle" patented technology

A method of rendering materials having hard and soft surfaces hydrophilic or more hydrophilic is disclosed. The method involves hydrophilizing such materials by applying a high energy treatment and charged particles and / or one or more hydrophilic polymeric materials with discrete charges to such materials.

An electrophoretic display comprises an electrophoretic medium having a plurality of charged particles suspended in a suspending fluid, and two electrodes disposed on opposed sides of the electrophoretic medium. At least one of the electrodes is light-transmissive and forming a viewing surface. The display has a closed optical state in which the charged particles are spread over substantially the entire viewing surface so that light cannot pass through the medium, and an open optical state in which the electrophoretic particles form chains extending between the electrodes so that light can pass through the electrophoretic medium. Insulating layers are disposed between the electrodes and the electrophoretic medium. Similarly electrophoretic displays are provided equipped with color filter arrays or reflectors.

An electrophoretic display (100) comprises a front light-transmissive substrate (112), a rear substrate (116) spaced from the front substrate (112) so as to leave a cavity, and an electrophoretic medium (102) in the cavity, the electrophoretic medium (102) comprising a liquid external phase (120) and a plurality of capsules (104) suspended in the liquid external phase (120), each of the capsules comprising a capsule wall, a suspending fluid (106) held within the capsule wall and at least one electrically charged particle (108, 110) suspended in the suspending fluid (106).

The present inventions is related to a superconducting or non-superconducting isochronous sector-focused cyclotron, comprising an electromagnet with an upper pole and a lower pole that constitute the magnetic circuit, the poles being made of at least three pair of sectors (3,4) called "hills" where the vertical gap between said sectors is small, these hill-sectors being separated by sector-formed spaces called "valleys" (5) where the vertical gap is large, said cyclotron being energized by at least one pair of main coils (6), characterised in that at least one pair of upper and lower hills is significantly longer than the remaining pair of hill sectors in order to have at least one pair of extended hill sectors (3) and at least one pair of non-extended hill sectors (4) in that a groove (7) or a "plateau" (7') which follows the shape of the extracted orbit is present in said pair of extended hill sectors (3) in order to produce a dip (200) in the magnetic field.

A first electrophoretic medium comprises an electrically charged particle suspended in a suspending fluid, the particle having a polymeric shell having repeating units derived from at least one monomer the homopolymer of which is incompatible with the suspending fluid. A second, similar electrophoretic medium comprises a suspending fluid, and first and second types of electrically charged particle suspended in the suspending fluid, the two types of particle having differing optical characteristics but both having polymeric shells. The polymeric shells are arranged such that homoaggregation of the two types of particles is thermodynamically favored over heteroaggregation.

A new method and system for desorption ionization is described and applied to the ionization of various compounds, including peptides and proteins present on metal, polymer, and mineral surfaces. Desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) is carried out by directing charged droplets and / or ions of a liquid onto the surface to be analyzed. The impact of the charged particles on the surface produces gaseous ions of material originally present on the surface. The resulting mass spectra are similar to normal ESI mass spectra in that they show mainly singly or multiply charged molecular ions of the analytes. The DESI phenomenon was observed both in the case of conductive and insulator surfaces and for compounds ranging from nonpolar small molecules such as lycopene, the alkaloid coniceine, and small drugs, through polar compounds such as peptides and proteins. Changes in the solution that is sprayed can be used to selectively ionize particular compounds, including those in biological matrices. In vivo analysis is demonstrated.

An electrophoresis device includes a pair of substrates, a plurality of pixel electrodes, and a common electrode formed on the pair of substrates, a liquid material formed by dispersing charged particles sealed between the pair of substrates and a driving circuit for applying a voltage to the pixel electrodes and the common electrode to generate an electric field therebetween. When display image is changed, the driving circuit generates a first electric field between all the pixel electrodes and the common electrode to delete the image displayed by that time over the entire display region. Then, when new display image is written, the driving circuit generates a second electric field between the pixel electrodes corresponding to display and the common electrode, and generates a third electric field between the common electrode and the pixel electrodes not corresponding to display.

The present invention provides a charged particle accelerator comprising a charged particle generating apparatus, a bending magnet, accelerating means and a vacuum duct, wherein first and second acceleration periods (22), (23) are provided, accelerating electric field of the accelerating means is applied from the start time (25) of the first acceleration period (22) until the end time of the second acceleration period (23), and bending magnetic field is applied at a fixed value during the first accelerating period while, during the second acceleration period, it is applied so as to increase until the end time of the second acceleration period. Accordingly, there is provided a compact and high power charged particle accelerator which can perform large-current acceleration.

The present invention has an object to provide a surface treatment apparatus, which can form a high-quality film at a high speed while preventing deterioration of the film due to collisions of charged particles. The surface treatment apparatus (1) of the present invention comprises a casing (2) partitioned to two chambers, that is, a plasma generating chamber (3) provided with plasma generating electrodes (5, 5′) and a substrate processing chamber (4) provided with a substrate supporting table (8). A plasma vent (6) is formed in the electrode (5′) that composes the partition between the chambers (3, 4). A conductive mesh-shaped sheet (9) is disposed in a direction across the plasma between the plasma vent (6) and a substrate (S) on the substrate supporting table (8). The sheet (9), to which a variable bias is applied, captures charged particles in the plasma so that the charged particles can be excluded from the plasma.

An image display device constructed by: an image display means for displaying an image by moving chargeable particles arranged between electrodes by means of a voltage applied to the electrodes; and a light emission means for emitting a light to an image display surface of the image display means (first aspect of the invention). Moreover, an image display device which has an image display panel, in which two or more groups of particles or liquid powders having different colors and different charge characteristics are sealed between opposed two substrates, at least one of two substrates being transparent, and, in which the particles or the liquid powders, to which an electrostatic field produced by a pair of electrodes provided on one substrate or both substrates respectively is applied, are made to move so as to display an image, characterized in that a color filter is arranged to an outer surface or an inner surface of a transparent substrate of the image display panel so as to perform a color displaying (second aspect of the invention).

Method for electrostatically depositing select doses of medicament powder at select locations on a substrate. Specifically, the apparatus contains a charged particle emitter for generating charged particles that charge a predefined region of a substrate and a charge accumulation control circuit for computing the amount of charge accumulated upon the substrate and deactivating the emitter when a selected quantity of charge has accumulated. Additionally, a triboelectric charging apparatus charges the medicament powder and forms a charged medicament cloud proximate the charged region of the substrate. The medicament particles within the medicament cloud electrostatically adhere to the charged region. The quantity of charge accumulated on the substrate at the predefined region and the charge-to-mass ratio of the medicament powder in the cloud control the amount (dose) of medicament deposited and retained by the substrate. Consequently, this apparatus accurately controls both medicament dosage and deposition location. Furthermore, since the substrate can be of any dielectric material that retains an electrostatic charge, the apparatus can be used to deposit medicament on substrates that are presently used in oral medicament consumption, e.g., substrates that are used to fabricate suppositories, inhalants, tablets, capsules and the like.

The present invention provides novel compositions, methods and apparatus for DNA sequencing that can be performed, e.g., in a two-electrode chamber. The present invention also provides a method for sequencing a nucleic acid comprising immobilizing a plurality of complexes comprising a target nucleic acid, a primer nucleic acid, and a polymerase onto a surface, contacting the surface with a plurality of charged particles comprising a nucleotide phosphate by applying an electric field, reversing the electric field to transport unbound charged particles away from the surface, and detecting the incorporation of a nucleotide phosphate into a single molecule of the primer nucleic acid.

The present invention relates to a particle-optical component comprising a first multi-aperture plate, and a second multi-aperture plate forming a gap between them; wherein a plurality of apertures of the first multi-aperture plate is arranged such that each aperture of the plurality of apertures of the first multi-aperture plate is aligned with a corresponding aperture of a plurality of apertures of the second multi-aperture plate; and wherein the gap has a first width at a first location and a second width at a second location and wherein the second width is by at least 5% greater than the first width. In addition, the present invention pertains to charged particle systems and arrangements comprising such components and methods of manufacturing multi aperture plates having a curved surface.

The invention comprises an X-ray system that is orientated to provide X-ray images of a patient in the same orientation as viewed by a proton therapy beam, is synchronized with patient respiration, is operable on a patient positioned for proton therapy, and does not interfere with a proton beam treatment path. Preferably, the synchronized system is used in conjunction with a negative ion beam source, synchrotron, and / or targeting method apparatus to provide an X-ray timed with patient respiration and performed immediately prior to and / or concurrently with particle beam therapy irradiation to ensure targeted and controlled delivery of energy relative to a patient position resulting in efficient, precise, and / or accurate noninvasive, in-vivo treatment of a solid cancerous tumor with minimization of damage to surrounding healthy tissue in a patient using the proton beam position verification system.

A beam extraction process (interruption and restart) is appropriately performed when a failure occurs during irradiation of a spot group. A charged particle irradiation system includes a synchrotron 12 and a scanning irradiation unit 15 that scans an ion beam extracted from the synchrotron over a subject. The extraction of the ion beam from the synchrotron is stopped on the basis of a beam extraction stop command. Scanning magnets 5A and 5B are controlled to change a point (spot) to be irradiated with the ion beam, while the extraction of the ion beam is stopped. The extraction of the ion beam from the synchrotron is restarted after the change of the spot to be irradiated. When a relatively minor failure in which continuous irradiation would be possible occurs during irradiation of a certain spot with the beam, the extraction of the beam is not immediately stopped.

A first electrophoretic medium comprises an electrically charged particle suspended in a suspending fluid, the particle having a polymeric shell having repeating units derived from at least one monomer the homopolymer of which is incompatible with the suspending fluid. A second, similar electrophoretic medium comprises a suspending fluid, and first and second types of electrically charged particle suspended in the suspending fluid, the two types of particle having differing optical characteristics but both having polymeric shells. The polymeric shells are arranged such that homoaggregation of the two types of particles is thermodynamically favored over heteroaggregation.

An irradiation apparatus for irradiating by scanning a target volume according to a predetermined dose profile with a scanning beam of charged particles forming an irradiation spot on said target volume, said apparatus comprising:a beam generating device,a reference generator for computing, from said predetermined dose profile, through a dynamic inverse control strategy, the time evolution of commanded variables, these variables being the beam current I(t), the spot position settings x(t),y(t) and the scanning speed settings vx(t), vy(t),a monitor device having means for detecting at each time (t), the actual spot position as a measured position defined by the values xm(t),ym(t) on the target volume,characterised in that said irradiation apparatus further comprises means for determining the differences ex(t), ey(t) between the measured values xm(t), ym(t) and the spot position settings x(t) and y(t), and means for applying a correction to the scanning speed settings vx(t) and vy(t) depending on said differences ex(t), ey(t). The present invention is also related to a monitor for determining beam position in real-time.

An apparatus and method for generating electronically steerable beams of sequential penetrating radiation. Charged particles from a source are formed into a beam and accelerated to a target. Electromagnetic radiation generated by the target is emitted with an angular distribution which is a function of the target thickness and the energy of the particles. A beam of particles is produced by allowing the radiation to exit from an apparatus through a collimator proximal to the target. The direction of the beam is determined by the point of radiation production and the corresponding array of transmission regions of the collimator.

The invention relates to a cyclotron which can produce a beam of accelerated charged particles that are intended for the irradiation of at least one target (200). The inventive cyclotron consists of a magnetic circuit which essentially comprises: an electromagnet with at least two poles (1, 1′), namely an upper pole (1) and a lower pole (1′), which are disposed symmetrically in relation to a mid-plane (110) which is perpendicular to the central axis (100) of the cyclotron and which are separated by a gap (120) containing the circulating charged particles and return flux (2) in order to close the aforementioned magnetic circuit; and a pair of main induction coils (5, 5′) which are used to create an essentially-constant main induction field in the gap between poles 1 and 1′. The invention is characterised in that it comprises means of centring the above-mentioned beam, consisting of at least one pair of bucking coils (6, 7) which are supplied by an electrical source (8) and which can modulate the intensity of the main induction field produced by the main coils (5, 5′), in order to increase the intensity of the induction field in a first area of the cyclotron and to reduce the intensity of the induction field in a second area of the cyclotron, which is diametrically opposed to the central axis (100) of the cyclotron.

A method for electrostatically depositing select doses of medicament powder at select locations on a substrate. Specifically, an apparatus contains a charged particle emitter for generating charged particles that charge a predefined region of a substrate and a charge accumulation control circuit for computing the amount of charge accumulated upon the substrate and deactivating the emitter when a selected quantity of charge has accumulated. Additionally, a triboelectric charging apparatus charges the medicament powder and forms a charged medicament cloud proximate the charged region of the substrate. The medicament particles within the medicament cloud electrostatically adhere to the charged region. The quantity of charge accumulated on the substrate at the predefined region and the charge-to-mass ratio of the medicament powder in the cloud control the amount (dose) of medicament deposited and retained by the substrate. Consequently, this apparatus accurately controls both medicament dosage and deposition location. Furthermore, since the substrate can be of any dielectric material that retains an electrostatic charge, the apparatus can be used to deposit medicament on substrates that are presently used in oral medicament consumption, e.g., substrates that are used to fabricate suppositories, inhalants, tablets, capsules and the like.

A plasma processing system is provided with diagnostic apparatus for making in-situ measurements of plasma properties. The diagnostic apparatus generally comprises a non-invasive sensor array disposed within a plasma processing chamber, an electrical circuit for stimulating the sensors, and means for recording and communicating sensor measurements for monitoring or control of the plasma process. In one form, the sensors are dynamically pulsed dual floating Langmuir probes that measure incident charged particle currents and electron temperatures in proximity to the plasma boundary or boundaries within the processing system. The plasma measurements may be used to monitor the condition of the processing plasma or furnished to a process system controller for use in controlling the plasma process.

An improved tube for accepting gas-phase ions and particles contained in a gas by allowing substantially all the gas-phase ions and gas from an ion source at or greater than atmospheric pressure to flow into the tube and be transferred to a lower pressure region. Transport and motion of the ions through the tube is determined by a combination of viscous forces exerted on the ions by the flowing gas molecules and electrostatic forces causing the motion of the ions through the tube and away from the walls of the tube. More specifically, the tube is made up of stratified elements, wherein DC potentials are applied to the elements so that the DC voltage on any element determines the electric potential experience by the ions as they pass through the tube. A precise electrical gradient is maintained along the length of the stratified tube to insure the transport of the ions. Embodiments of this invention are methods and devices for improving the sensitivity of mass spectrometry or ion mobility spectrometers when coupled to atmospheric and above atmospheric pressure ionization sources. An alternate embodiment of this invention applies an AC voltage to one or more of the conducting elements in the laminate.

A constitution of the display device of the invention is shown in the following. The display device includes a pixel unit including TFTs of which the active layer contains an organic semiconductor material for forming channel portions in the opening portions in an insulating layer arranged to meet the gate electrodes. The pixel unit further includes a contrast media formed on the electrodes connected to the TFTs for changing the reflectivity upon the application of an electric field, or microcapsules containing electrically charged particles that change the reflectivity upon the application of an electric field. The pixel unit is sandwiched by plastic substrates, and barrier layers including an inorganic insulating material are provided between the plastic substrates and the pixel unit. The purpose of the present invention is to supply display devices which are excellent in productivity, light in weight and flexible.

Spiral coils generate very powerful electromagnetic fields by operating with two different but simultaneous resonant behaviors. Quarter-wave resonance is established by adjusting the frequency (and wavelength) of a radiofrequency (RF) voltage source until the length of the spiral conductor is equal to ¼ of the wavelength of the alternating voltage. This generates an electromagnetic standing wave with at least one peak node and at least one null node. Inductive-capacitive (L / C) resonance is established by optimizing the thickness and width of the wire ribbon used to make the spiral coil. When inductance and capacitance are balanced, the current response will synchronize with the voltage input, creating in-phase behavior, minimal total impedance, and maximal power output. If two such coils are placed near each other, they will create an extremely powerful electromagnetic field between them, which can promote chemical and plasma reactions involving charged particles such as ions or plasma particles, possibly including nuclear fusion reactions.

This invention provides methods, devices and device components for preparing ions from liquid samples containing chemical species and methods and devices for analyzing chemical species in liquid samples. The present invention provides an ion source for generating analyte ions having a selected charge state distribution, such as a reduced charged state distribution, that may be effectively interfaced with a variety of charged particle analyzers, including virtually any type of mass spectrometer.

An electrophoretic display (100) has stacked first (104) and second (120) electrophoretic layers, each comprising charged particles (W, C, Y, M) in a fluid (106, 122). The first layer contains particles of white (W) and first color (M) particles and has three optical states (a) white particles adjacent a viewing surface; (b) first color particles lie adjacent the viewing surface; and (c) both types of particles shuttered to allow light to pass through the first layer. The second layer contains particles having second (C) and third (Y) colors and has three optical states (d) second particles (C) adjacent the first layer; (e) third particles (Y) adjacent the first layer; and (f) second (C) and third (Y) particles intermixed within the fluid.