The invention relates to the field of water treatment, specifically to a method for removing metal ions from an aqueous solution by the use of hydrotalcite. The method provided by the invention comprises the step of removing metal ions from an aqueous solution by the use of hydrotalcite. The metal ions, which refer to heavy metal ions or radioactive substance ions, comprise one or more selected from the group consisting of mercury, chromium, lead, arsenic, cadmium, tin, copper and zinc heavy metal ions. The radioactive substance ions comprise uranium, thorium and radium ions. According to the invention, hydrotalcite is applied in metal ions-containing sewage processing, leading to high metal ion removing efficiency and obvious effects. In the meanwhile, raw material sources for the preparation of hydrotalcite are extensive, the cost is low, the preparation method is simple, energy consumption is low and the investment is also low. Therefore, the method provided by the invention has an extensive application prospect.