120results about "Capacitor and primary/secondary cells" patented technology

A secondary hybrid aqueous energy storage device includes an anode electrode, a cathode electrode which is capable of reversibly intercalating sodium cations, a separator, and a sodium cation containing aqueous electrolyte, wherein an initial active cathode electrode material comprises an alkali metal containing active cathode electrode material which deintercalates alkali metal ions during initial charging of the device.

A lead-acid battery comprising: at least one lead-based negative electrode; at least one lead dioxide-based positive electrode; at least one capacitor electrode; and electrolyte in contact with the electrodes; wherein a battery part is formed by the lead based negative electrode and the lead dioxide-based positive electrode; and an asymmetric capacitor part is formed by the capacitor electrode and one electrode selected from the lead based negative electrode and the lead-dioxide based positive electrode; and wherein all negative electrodes are connected to a negative busbar, and all positive electrodes are connected to a positive busbar. The capacitor electrode may be a capacitor negative electrode comprising carbon and an additive mixture selected from oxides, hydroxides or sulfates of lead, zinc, cadmium, silver and bismuth, or a capacitor negative electrode comprising carbon, red lead, antimony in oxide, hydroxide or sulfate form, and optionally other additives. The capacitor electrode may be used in asymmetric capacitors and batteries of other types.

An energy storage device comprising at least one negative electrode, wherein each negative electrode is individually selected from (i) an electrode comprising negative battery electrode material; (ii) an electrode comprising capacitor electrode material; (iii) a mixed electrode comprising either—a mixture of battery and capacitor electrode material or—a region of battery electrode material and a region of capacitor electrode material, or—a combination thereof, and wherein the energy storage device either comprises at least one electrode of type (iii), or comprises at least one electrode of each of types (i) and (ii),—at least one positive electrode, wherein the positive electrode comprises positive battery electrode material and a charging ability-increasing additive, such as one or a mixture of: (a) carbon nanomaterial, vapour grown carbon fibre, fullerene, or a mixture thereof, and (b) tin dioxide conductive materials.

An energy storage device cell includes: a capacitor cathode including a capacitor cathode collector foil, and a capacitor cathode electrode layer formed on one face of the capacitor cathode collector foil and containing microparticles of activated carbon; a first separator; a common anode including an anode collector foil having a through-hole, and an anode electrode layer formed on one face of the anode collector foil; a second separator; and a battery cathode including a battery cathode collector foil, and a battery cathode electrode layer formed on one face of the battery cathode collector foil and containing particles of a lithium-containing metal compound. The first separator is sandwiched by the capacitor cathode electrode layer and the anode electrode layer. The second separator is sandwiched by the anode collector foil and the battery cathode electrode layer.

An energy storage stack of at least two surface-mediated cells (SMCs) internally connected in parallel or in series. The stack includes: (A) At least two SMC cells, each consisting of (i) a cathode comprising a porous cathode current collector and a cathode active material; (ii) a porous anode current collector; and (iii) a porous separator disposed between the cathode and the anode; (B) A lithium-containing electrolyte in physical contact with all the electrodes, wherein the cathode active material has a specific surface area no less than 100 m2 / g in direct physical contact with the electrolyte to receive lithium ions therefrom or to provide lithium ions thereto; and (C) A lithium source. This new-generation energy storage device exhibits the highest power densities of all energy storage devices, much higher than those of all the lithium ion batteries, lithium ion capacitors, and supercapacitors.

A hybrid lead-acid battery / electrochemical capacitor electrical energy storage device. The lead-acid battery and electrochemical capacitor reside in the same case and are electrically connected. Preferably, a hybrid device of the present invention includes at least one non-polarizable positive electrode, at least one non-polarizable negative electrode, and at least one polarizable electric double layer negative electrode. Separators reside between the electrodes and the separators and electrodes are impregnated with an aqueous sulfuric acid electrolyte. A hybrid device of the present invention exhibits high power characteristics.

A rechargeable electrical storage device is disclosed, where one embodiment utilizes an anion (“A”) conducting electrolyte (18) and ion transfer between two electrodes (17, 19) where one electrode is preferably a metal electrode 19 that contains a mixture of metal and metal oxide, so that during operation, oxide-ions shuttle between the two electrodes (17, 19) in charging and discharging modes and the metal electrode (19) serves as a reservoir of species relevant to anion “A”.

Pyrrolidinium based room temperature ionic liquids, and phosphorous and arsenic analogues, are used as electrolytes in energy storage devices including secondary lithium batteries, supercapacitors and asymmetric battery-supercapacitors. The electrolytes preferably contain lithium ions as the charge-carrying species. The electrolytes are in a liquid state at the operating temperature.

An inorganic material based surface-mediated cell (SMC) comprising (a) a cathode comprising a non-carbon-based inorganic cathode active material having a surface area to capture and store lithium thereon; (b) an anode comprising an anode current collector alone or both an anode current collector and an anode active material; (c) a porous separator; (d) a lithium-containing electrolyte in physical contact with the two electrodes, wherein the cathode has a specific surface area no less than 100 m2 / g which is in direct physical contact with said electrolyte to receive lithium ions therefrom or to provide lithium ions thereto; and (e) a lithium source. This inorganic SMC provides both high energy density and high power density not achievable by supercapacitors and lithium-ion cells.

An electrode includes a substrate having a carbon nanostructure (CNS) disposed thereon and a coating including an active material conformally disposed about the carbon nanostructure and the substrate. The electrode is used in a hybrid capacitor-battery having a bifunctional electrolyte capable of energy storage.

When an electrode material having a weight-average mesopore / macropore specific surface area within a specific range is used, there arises an expansion of a cell caused by the generation of decomposed gas from a component of electrolyte solution during the pre-doping process of lithium ions. A potential drop upon the pre-doping process is adjusted so as to reduce or suppress the expansion of the cell. Specifically, since the pre-doping speed is increased, the negative electrode can speedily reach the potential by which an SEI component made of lithium alkyl carbonate can be produced on the surface of the negative electrode. Consequently, the absolute amount of the gas produced by the decomposition of the electrolyte solution can be reduced, whereby the expansion of the electric storage device can be reduced.

The invention relates to a preparation process of a long-lived negative pole piece and a capacitor battery using the negative pole piece. The preparation process of the long-lived negative pole piece comprises the following steps: mixing materials: mixing fast-storage lithium carbon and a binder, and adding a solvent; squeezing, squeezing the mixture by a roll squeezer to obtain a platy pole piece with a certain thickness; coating: mixing a conductive agent into a sizing agent, and coating the sizing agent on a negative current collector body; attaching the piece, squeezing and attaching the platy pole piece on negative current collector body coated with the sizing agent; and drying, grinding, cropping, and vacuum drying to prepare the negative pole piece. The invention adopts the process that the platy pole piece is firstly squeezed and then is attached on the negative current collector body, so that the negative pole piece has higher compaction density and longer cycle life. The organic hybrid super-capacitor battery prepared by the invention has the characteristics of high energy density (which can reach 45-80Wh / Kg) and high power density (which is higher than 4500W / Kg), can bewidely applicable to the fields such as electric vehicles, power tools, solar energy storage, wind energy storage, portable appliances and the like.

A lead-acid battery comprising:at least one lead-based negative electrode;at least one lead dioxide-based positive electrode;at least one capacitor electrode; andelectrolyte in contact with the electrodes;wherein a battery part is formed by the lead based negative electrode and the lead dioxide-based positive electrode; and an asymmetric capacitor part is formed by the capacitor electrode and one electrode selected from the lead based negative electrode and the lead-dioxide based positive electrode; and wherein all negative electrodes are connected to a negative busbar, and all positive electrodes are connected to a positive busbar.The capacitor electrode may be a capacitor negative electrode comprising carbon and an additive mixture selected from oxides, hydroxides or sulfates of lead, zinc, cadmium, silver and bismuth, or a capacitor negative electrode comprising carbon, red lead, antimony in oxide, hydroxide or sulfate form, and optionally other additives. The capacitor electrode may be used in asymmetric capacitors and batteries of other types.

The present invention relates to a new-type high-performance mixed aquo system lithium ion cell. Said invention is characterized by that its positive electrode is made of intercalation compound electrode material containing lithium ion, and its negative electrode is made of the electrode materials of active carbon, mesopore carbon or carbon nano tube, etc, with high specific surface, and its electrolyte adopts aquo system electrolyte containing lithium ion. Said invention has longer circulation life, it is more than ten times that of general secondary cell, and has the features of high power, safety, low cost and free from environmental pollution.

A negative electrode 15 arranged at the center of an electrode laminate unit 12 includes a negative-electrode current collector 16 provided with a large number of through-holes 16a and a negative-electrode mixture layer 17 applied thereon. Positive electrodes 13 and 14 are arranged so as to sandwich the negative electrode 15. A positive-electrode mixture layer 20 containing a lithium cobalt oxide having a high capacitance characteristic is provided to the positive electrode 13, and a positive-electrode mixture layer 22 containing an activated carbon having a high output characteristic is provided to the other positive electrode 14. Since these positive electrodes 13 and 14 are provided, an energy density and an output density can be enhanced. Ions can be transferred between the positive-electrode mixture layers 20 and 22 via the through-holes 16a of the negative-electrode current collector 16, whereby a variation in the potential of the positive electrode after the high-rate discharging can be canceled. Therefore, durability of the electric storage device can be secured.

Disclosed is an electricity storage device which can be charged / discharged at high rate and have high output, high capacity and excellent repeating charge / discharge characteristics, although it uses a non-carbon material as a negative electrode active material. Specifically disclosed is an electricity storage device comprising: a positive electrode collector; a positive electrode disposed on the positive electrode collector and including a positive electrode active material which can reversibly absorb / desorb at least anions; a negative electrode collector; and a negative electrode disposed on the negative electrode collector and including a negative electrode active material which can substantially absorb / desorb lithium ions reversibly. The negative electrode active material is composed of at least one substance selected from the group consisting of silicon, a silicon-containing alloy, a silicon compound, tin, a tin-containing alloy, and a tin compound; and the negative electrode is formed as a thin film having a thickness of 10 μm or less.

A secondary hybrid aqueous energy storage device includes an anode electrode, a cathode electrode which is capable of reversibly intercalating sodium cations, a separator, and a sodium cation containing aqueous electrolyte, wherein an initial active cathode electrode material comprises an alkali metal containing active cathode electrode material which deintercalates alkali metal ions during initial charging of the device.

Enhanced methods for preparing activated carbons have been discovered. In order to form an activated carbon, a carbon precursor material is coated with a phosphorus based chemical solution and physically activated. An activated carbon may also be formed by coating a green carbon precursor with a chemical solution that chemically reacts with carbon, carbonizing the resulting material, and physically activating the material during at least a portion of the carbonizing step. An activated carbon may also be formed by milling a carbon material to a predetermined particle size, then activating the milled particles. In another enhancement, an activated carbon is formed by coating a carbon or carbon precursor with nanoparticles, carbonizing if the carbon is a carbon precursor, then catalytically activating in air and an inert gas, and physically activating in steam or carbon dioxide. An activated carbon may also be formed by physically activating a previously chemically activated carbon.

An energy storage device includes at least one positive electrode comprising a current collector comprising lead and having a plurality of raised and lowered portions with respect to a mean plane of the current collector and slots formed between the raised and lowered portions, wherein lead dioxide paste is adhered to and in electrical contact with the surfaces thereof; and a tab portion; and at least one negative electrode comprising a carbon material.

A hybrid energy storage device has at least one lead-based positive electrode and at least one carbon-based negative electrode, a separator between the electrodes, a casing which will contain the electrodes and separator, and an acid electrolyte. The separator is gas permeable, and is capable of absorbing and entraining acid electrolyte. The separator has a finite capacity for absorption of acid electrolyte, and the quantity of acid electrolyte which is present in the cell is less than the finite capacity of the separator. Upon assembly of the cell, the casing is sealed, and there is no liquid acid electrolyte within the assembled cell.

A lithium ion capacitor includes a positive electrode made of a material capable of reversibly doping and dedoping lithium ions and / or anions; a negative electrode made of a material capable of reversibly doping and dedoping lithium ions; and an electrolytic solution made of an aprotonic organic solvent electrolyte solution of a lithium salt. When the negative electrode and / or positive electrode and a lithium ion supply source are electrochemically brought into contact, lithium ions are doped in a negative electrode and / or positive electrode. A positive electrode potential after the positive electrode and negative electrode are short-circuited is 2.0 V (vs. Li / Li+) or less. The positive electrode and / or negative electrode has a current collector made of a metal foil that has many holes that penetrate through both sides and have an average diameter of inscribed circles of the through-holes of 100 μm or less.

Disclosed herein is a hybrid battery using an electrochemically stable electrolyte composition and electrodes suitable for use in the electrolyte composition. The hybrid battery is non-toxic and highly stable, and has improved high-current charge / discharge characteristics.The hybrid battery comprises an electrode unit consisting of an anode and a cathode, a separator for electrically separating the anode and the cathode, and an electrolyte filled in a space between the anode and the cathode so as to form an electric double layer on surfaces of the anode and cathode when a voltage is applied wherein the electrolyte contains a mixture of a lithium salt, an ammonium salt and a pyrrolidinium salt as solutes in a carbonate-based solvent so that the solute mixture has a concentration of 1.0-2.5 mol / L.

The present invention specifically relates to a polyimide capacitance battery and a manufacturing method thereof. The polyimide capacitance battery of the present invention is obtained by manufacturing a positive electrode and a negative electrode, and then combining the positive and negative electrodes into the capacitance battery, which consists of the positive electrode, the negative electrode, a polymer membrane therebetween, and an electrolyte, wherein the positive electrode material is a mixture of a lithium-ion insertion compound and a porous carbon material, the negative electrode material is a mixture of modified graphite and a porous activated carbon material, the polymer membrane is a polyimide membrane, and the electrolyte is an electrolyte containing a lithium ion compound and an organic solvent. The polyimide capacitance battery of the present invention can be widely applied in the fields of electric automobile, electric tools, solar energy storage, wind energy storage, portable appliances and the like.

A battery and ultracapacitor device for use in a vehicle includes a positive electrode, a first negative electrode, a second negative electrode, a first separator disposed between the positive electrode and the first and second negative electrodes, and a controller communicating with the positive electrode, the first negative electrode, and the second negative electrode. A first negative electrode has a first composition and communicates with the first positive electrode. The second negative electrode has a second composition and is adjacent to the first negative electrode and a second separator. The second negative electrode communicates with the positive electrode and the first negative electrode. The first negative electrode comprises a secondary battery negative electrode. The second negative electrode comprises an ultracapacitor negative electrode.

Provided is an internal hybrid electrochemical cell comprising: (A) a pseudocapacitance cathode comprising a cathode active material that contains a conductive carbon material and a porphyrin compound, wherein the porphyrin compound is bonded to or supported by the carbon material to form a redox pair for pseudocapacitance, wherein the carbon material is selected from activated carbon, activated carbon black, expanded graphite flakes, exfoliated graphite worms, carbon nanotube, carbon nanofiber, carbon fiber, a combination thereof; (B) a battery-like anode comprising lithium metal, lithium metal alloy, or a prelithiated anode active material (e.g. prelithiated Si, SiO, Sn, SnO2, etc.), and (C) a lithium-containing electrolyte in physical contact with the anode and the cathode; wherein the cathode active material has a specific surface area no less than 100 m2 / g which is in direct physical contact with the electrolyte.

The present invention is a low-cost method for fabricating electrodes for batteries, electric double-layer capacitors (EDLC or supercapacitors) and hybrid electrical energy storage devices. for which by low contact resistance between the metal current collector and carbon-containing electrode enhances performance. The electrodes comprise at least two layers. The first layer is a highly conductive carbon material, such as graphite, fused into the metal current collector. The second layer is a polarizing carbon-containing electrode typically comprising a nanoporous carbon powder pressed or rolled with a binder, or a composite that includes active materials (for example oxides, sulfides), binder and conductive additives such as carbon, black. The method provides electrodes with low interface resistance, which lowers the overall internal electrical resistance of the battery or EDLC devices in which they are used and allows it to deliver increased power.

An apparatus including a housing having walls is provided. The walls of the housing each have inner surfaces and outer surfaces. The walls may include apertures extending from the inner surface to the outer surface. The inner surfaces of the walls define a volume. The volume includes an electrode. The volume further includes a water-controlling separator disposed between the inner surface of the housing and the electrode. The water-controlling separator can block a flow of liquid from the electrode through the apertures to the ambient environment while allowing oxidant to flow from the ambient environment through the apertures to the electrode.

An electrode for a hybrid energy storage device includes a current collector; an active material adhered to and in electrical contact with at least one surface of the current collector; and a tab element, wherein the thickness of the tab element is greater than the thickness of the current collector.

Provided is an internal hybrid electrochemical cell comprising: (a) a pseudocapacitance-like cathode comprising a cathode active material that contains both graphene sheets and a porphyrin compound, including porphyrin or a porphyrin complex, wherein the porphyrin compound is bonded to or supported by primary surfaces of graphene sheets to form a redox pair for pseudocapacitance; (b) a battery-like anode comprising an anode active material selected from sodium metal, a sodium metal alloy, a sodium intercalation compound, a sodium-containing compound, or a combination thereof, and (c) a sodium-containing electrolyte in physical contact with the anode and the cathode; wherein the cathode active material has a specific surface area no less than 100 m2 / g which is in direct physical contact with the electrolyte.