289 results about "Acid electrolyte" patented technology

A battery comprises an acid electrolyte in which a compound provides acidity to the electrolyte and further increases solubility of at least one metal in the redox pair. Especially preferred compounds include alkyl sulfonic acids, amine sulfonic acids, and alkyl phosphonic acids, and particularly preferred redox coupled include Co3+ / Zn0, Mn3+ / Zn0, Ce4+ / V2+, Ce4+ / Ti3+, Ce4+ / Zn0, and Pb4+ / Pb0.

There is provided an apparatus for producing strong alkaline reductive electrolyzed water and acidic water that enables efficient production of electrolyzed water that has excellent washing and sterilizing effects. There is provided an apparatus for producing strong alkaline reductive electrolyzed water and acidic water, which includes an electrolyzer provided with a strong alkaline reductive electrolyzed water-producing chamber, an acidic water-producing chamber and a partitioning membrane, wherein a flow path diffusing device is provided in the electrolyzer, and a gap between the cathode plate and the anode plate of 0.1 mm to 1 mm.

A battery comprises an acid electrolyte in which a compound provides acidity to the electrolyte and further increases solubility of at least one metal in the redox pair. Especially preferred compounds include alkyl sulfonic acids and alkyl phosphonic acids, and particularly preferred redox coupled include Co3+ / Zn0, Mn3+ / Zn0, Ce4+ / V2+, Ce4+ / Ti3+, Ce4+ / Zn0, and Pb4+ / Pb0.

The invention relates to a high-efficient environment-friendly composite antifreezing emulsion paraffin remover and inhibitor, which mainly solves problems of oil well large operation load caused by severe paraffin precipitation of high paraffin-containing oil wells at alpine regions, and compromising oil well yield caused by short hot washing period. The paraffin remover and inhibitor comprises a main agent of A agent system, and an auxiliary agent of B agent system, wherein the main agent of A agent system comprises the following component by weight: 1-3% of oil-soluble high-molecular polymer, 40-60% of aromatic hydrocarbon organic solvents, 10-20% of low carbon alcohol, 3-10% of composite emulsifiers, and 10-30% of water; the auxiliary agent of B agent system comprises the following component by weight: 7-15% of acid electrolytes, and 85-93% of water; the ratio of the main agent of A agent system to the auxiliary agent of B agent system is 100:0.8-1.2. The high-efficient environment-friendly composite antifreezing emulsion paraffin remover and inhibitor can effectively remove paraffin and inhibit paraffin, reaches the purposes of reducing oil well operation load and prolonging well washing period, has a low condensation point, and thus is especially suitable for winter paraffin removal at alpine regions.

A battery (100) comprises an electrolyte in which a lanthanide and zinc form a redox pair. Preferred electrolytes are acid electrolytes, and most preferably comprise methane sulfonic acid, and it is further contemplated that suitable electrolytes may include at least two lanthanides. Contemplated lanthanides include cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, terbium, and dysprosium, and further contemplate lanthanides are samarium, europium, thulium and ytterbium.

A power cell (100A) has an electrolyte that includes a reodox pair comprising cerium. The electrolyte in preferred cells is an acid electrolyte that comprises a element ion complexed by an organic acid or a chelating agent, and contemplated electrolytes may further include a compound that reduces the hydrogen overpotential. Where the power cell comprises a plurality of cells (100B), preferred configurations may include glassy carbon as bipolar electrolytes.

A load leveling battery (122) comprising an electrolyte that includes a cerium zinc redox pair wherein preferred electrolytes are acid electrolytes, and most preferably comprise methane sulfonic acid. Contemplated load leveling batteries (122) have an open circuit voltage of at least 2.4 Volt per cell. Such batteries are useful at power grid substations (120) and commercial and industrial applications were large amounts of power are used. Preferred capacity is at least 100,000 kWh, more preferably 250,000 kWh.

The invention discloses a method for circularly producing lead acid batteries, aiming at thoroughly eliminating possible hazard of the lead acid battery on environment and leading the lead acid battery to be continuously useful in social life without causing negative effect. The method includes: the positive and negative plates of old and useless batteries are separated by a mechanical method, and then the positive and negative plates are subjected to electrochemical treatment, thus obtaining raw material for producing new lead acid battery and achieving the circular production of the lead acid battery including disassembly of the old and useless lead acid battery, purification of sulphuric acid electrolyte, the production of lead metal and lead dioxide by electrolyzing lead sulfate, the separation and regeneration of lead alloy as well as the production of new lead acid battery by the produced lead alloy, lead and lead dioxide. In theory, by the proposal, the raw material can be totally reused, thus achieving the aim of circularly producing the lead acid battery.

The invention discloses a modulation method for shape morphing of a hole of an anodic aluminum oxide template, which comprises the following steps: I. removing grease and dirt of the surface of annealing-treated or untreated aluminium foil, and then carrying out electrochemical polishing treatment on the aluminium foil for later use; II. forming pit patterns on the surface of the aluminium foil by adopting an electrochemical oxidation method or a hard template mechanical pitting method; and III. carrying out noncontinuous oxidation and chambering on the aluminium foil the surface of which is provided with the pit patterns in an acid electrolyte to form various three-dimensional morphing-type aluminum oxide nanopore array structures by the combination control of electrolyte composition, electrolyte temperature, oxidation voltage, oxidation and chambering frequency and oxidation and chambering time. The modulation method uses existing equipment, has simple implementation and can manufacture various three-dimensional morphing shape-adjustable porous anodic aluminum oxide templates in manner of low cost and big area.

Disclosed is a copper foil for a negative electrode collector capable of simultaneously achieving high capacity and long life charge / discharge cycles in a secondary battery, wherein the front and back surfaces are of a uniform shape and, for example, the properties of a silicon active material of a lithium ion secondary battery are sufficiently realized; and a negative electrode using the copper foil. In one embodiment, a first roughened layer of metallic copper is formed by pulse cathode electrolysis roughening treatment on the surface of an untreated rolled copper foil base material of oxygen-free copper in a first roughening treatment tank (1) filled with a copper-sulphuric acid electrolyte (12), and a second copper-plate layer is formed on the surface of the first roughened layer by smooth copper plating treatment in a second copper plating treatment tank (2) filled with a copper-sulphuric acid electrolyte (22).

A micro fuel cell sensor having laminated gas permeable membrane. The sensor comprises a housing, first and second gas diffusing electrodes spaced from one another, a fuel-cell spacer having an acidic electrolyte disposed between said first and second electrodes, and two gas permeable membranes. The first gas permeable membrane comprises a polymer laminated on a metal substrate, wherein the substrate comprises pores that have dimensions at least less than one-half the thickness of the polymer film.

An electric device comprises a gelled acid electrolyte (142A) in complex with a lanthanide that forms a redox pair with a second element. Preferred electric devices include batteries and especially primary batteries, while preferred acid electrolytes (124A) have a sulfonic acid group. Contemplated lanthanides especially include cerium, and preferred second elements particularly include zinc. Alternatively, contemplated electric devices may comprise a gelled electrolyte (142A) in which with a lanthanide forms a redox pair with zinc.

A method for forming substantially white anodized aluminum oxide on an aluminum or aluminum alloy substrate is provided. A porous aluminum oxide layer is formed on the aluminum or aluminum alloy substrate by anodization in an acid electrolyte. Following formation of the anodized porous layer of aluminum oxide, the aluminum / aluminum alloy substrate is sequentially immersed in at least two reaction material solutions. The two or more reaction materials react to deposit a substantially white pigment material in the pores of the anodized aluminum oxide.

A electrolytic process for continuous production of lithium metal from lithium carbonate or other lithium salts by use of an aqueous acid electrolyte and a lithium producing cell structure which includes: a cell body with a cathode within the cell body; an electrolyte aqueous solution within the cell body, the solution containing lithium ion and an anion; and a composite layer intercalated between the cathode and the electrolyte aqueous solution, the composite layer comprising a lithium ion conductive glass ceramic (LI-GC) and a lithium ion conductive barrier film (LI-BF) that isolates cathode-forming lithium from the electrolyte aqueous solution.

The invention discloses a preparation method and products of a non-noble metal catalyst. The preparation method of the non-noble metal catalyst comprises the steps of dissolving two metal salts and an organic ligand proportionally in an organic solvent respectively, mixing well, standing a solution at room temperature, and centrifuging or filtering and fully drying to obtain a precursor; subjecting the precursor to high-temperature pyrolysis in an inert atmosphere to obtain the non-noble metal catalyst; the prepared non-noble metal catalyst is a nano-structure carbon material with cobalt and another metal element co-doped, with MOF structure as a core and with carbon nanotubes grown on the surface; the non-noble metal catalyst prepared herein has high redox catalytic activity and stability and excellent CH3OH / CO tolerance in acidic electrolyte, the cost for the materials used herein is low, the preparation method is simple and convenient and is easy to perform.

An electric device has a plurality of cells in which in an acid electrolyte a lanthanide and zinc form a redox couple that provide a current, and in which at least two of the cells are separated by a bipolar electrode that comprises a glassy carbon or a Magneli phase titanium suboxide.

The invention relates to a method for recovering lead in a waste lead-acid battery filler by using a wet process, which comprises the following steps of: taking and adding sodium hydroxide and xylitol into water, agitating and dissolving at a normal temperature to prepare mixed solution; adding obtained lead paste powder in the mixed solution, reacting for 1-5 hours and taking a filtered filtrate as an electrolyte; adopting a pure lead plate or a stainless steel plate as a cathode; and adopting the stainless steel plate as an anode and switching on direct current for electrolysis. The method has the beneficial effects that the method of directly leaching lead paste is adopted; the processes of desulfurization and reductive transformation are not required, so that the process flow is simplified; the sodium hydroxide and xylitol solution are adopted when the lead paste is leached and can form a compound with lead oxide to leach the lead in the lead paste to a utmost extent, so that the sulfur dioxide and various smoke and dust generated in the pyrometallurgical recovery process are avoided, and the straight yield of the lead is improved; and volatile smoke and dust or acid mist can not be generated, so that the defect that a silicon fluorine acid electrolyte pollutes the environment and is harmful to human health is overcome.

A hybrid energy storage device has at least one lead-based positive electrode and at least one carbon-based negative electrode, a separator between the electrodes, a casing which will contain the electrodes and separator, and an acid electrolyte. The separator is gas permeable, and is capable of absorbing and entraining acid electrolyte. The separator has a finite capacity for absorption of acid electrolyte, and the quantity of acid electrolyte which is present in the cell is less than the finite capacity of the separator. Upon assembly of the cell, the casing is sealed, and there is no liquid acid electrolyte within the assembled cell.

Disclosed is a copper foil for a negative electrode collector capable of simultaneously achieving high capacity and long life charge / discharge cycles in a secondary battery, wherein the front and rear surfaces are of a uniform shape and, for example, the properties of a silicon active material of a lithium ion secondary battery are sufficiently manifested; and a negative electrode using the copper foil. In one embodiment, a first roughened layer of metallic copper is formed by pulse cathode electrolysis roughening treatment on the surface of an untreated rolled copper foil substrate of oxygen-free copper in a first roughening treatment vessel (1) filled with a copper-sulphuric acid electrolyte (12), and a second copper-plate layer is formed on the surface of the first roughened layer by smooth copper plating treatment in a second copper plating treatment vessel (2) filled with a copper-sulphuric acid electrolyte (22).

A preparation method of anodic aluminum oxide film with thick barrier layer is provided, which belongs to the field of material technology. The method comprises: the first-step oxidation: placing an aluminum foil (without annealing and electrochemical polishing treatment) in an acid electrolyte containing water or ethylene glycol as solvent, performing the first-step anodic oxidation in a constant current or voltage mode to obtain a porous anodic aluminum oxide film; the second-step oxidation: performing the second-step oxidation of the porous anodic aluminum oxide film produced by the first-step oxidation in a neutral electrolyte containing water or ethylene glycol as solvent in a constant current mode until the breakdown voltage is reached. With this preparation method, the aluminum oxide film has high specific surface area and thick barrier layer and simultaneously exhibits larger electrostatic capacitance and higher breakdown voltage, and is widely used in field of high-performance aluminum electrolytic capacitor and other micro-electronics.

The invention is directed to an electropolishing solution for products or devices made from at least in part a cobalt-chromium alloy. The invention is particularly suitable for medical devices or intravascular stents made at least in part of cobalt-chromium. More particularly, the electropolishing process of the invention is particularly suited for use on implantable medical devices, such as stents, due to the biocompatibility of cobalt-chromium alloys. The invention is directed to an improved stent formed from a cobalt-chromium alloy, that possesses an ultrasmooth shiny surface. This invention is also directed to a method of electropolishing such a stent using an acidic electrolytic solution comprising a mixture of 6 parts of about 98% sulfuric acid (H2SO4), 1 part of about 37% hydrochloric acid (HCl) and 1 part by of about 85% concentrated phosphoric acid (H3PO4) to produce an exceptionally smooth surface.

The present invention provides a catalyst which is not corroded in an acidic electrolyte or at a high potential, is excellent in durability and has high oxygen reduction ability. The catalyst of the present invention is characterized by including a niobium oxycarbonitride. The catalyst of the invention is also characterized by including a niobium oxycarbonitride represented by the composition formula NbCxNyOz, wherein x, y and z represent a ratio of the numbers of atoms and are numbers satisfying the conditions of 0.01≦x≦2, 0.01≦y≦2, 0.01≦z≦3 and x+y+z≦5.

A hybrid supercapacitor energy storage device comprises at least one lead electrode, at least one carbon electrode, a separator, a casing, and an acid electrolyte. The lead electrode is enveloped in a common glass mat separator known in the lead-acid battery industry. The carbon electrode comprises a highly conductive current collector which is a sheet or other metal material sandwiched between two sheets of electronically conductive shield material. Activated carbon is manufactured using a binder such as polyethylene or PTFE adhered to and in electrical contact with the shield material of the current collector.

The invention relates to a preparation method of boehmite, particularly a preparation method of ultralow-sodium boehmite. In the preparation process, aluminum hydroxide is used as the raw material. The preparation method is characterized by comprising the following steps: adding water into the raw material aluminum hydroxide to obtain a pulp, and carrying out hydrothermal treatment, wherein in the hydrothermal treatment process, boehmite and the like are added as seed crystals to control the granular form of the boehmite, and acid or acidic electrolyte is added to enable the pulp to be weakly acidic, thereby further reducing the sodium content in the boehmite; and filtering, washing and drying to obtain the boehmite. The method provided by the invention has the advantages of simple production technique, wide material source, low production cost and the like, and is an ideal method for preparing ultralow-sodium boehmite and aluminum oxide.

The invention discloses a nickel-and-molybdenum based bimetallic carbide loaded on nickel foam and a preparation method and application thereof. Nickel nitrate and ammonium molybdate are adopted as a nickel source and a molybdenum source correspondingly, glucose is adopted as a carbon source, and the bimetallic carbide Mo6Ni6C is grown on the surface of the nickel foam in situ through a hydrothermal and high-temperature carburizing method. The method is easy and convenient to implement, the raw materials are easy to obtain, the preparation cost is low, the reaction period is short, and repeatability is high. The material has the excellent hydrogen evolution performance in the field of electrocatalytic decomposition of water. When the overpotential of hydrogen evolution is -51 mV in an acid electrolyte solution, the electric current density can reach 8-12 mA / cm<2> and is not decreased obviously under the stable work for more than 200 hours; and at the same time, when the overpotential of hydrogen evolution is -34 mV in an alkali electrolyte solution, the electric current density can also reach 8-12 mA / cm<2> and is not decreased obviously under the stable work for more than 300 hours. The nickel-and-molybdenum based bimetallic carbide loaded on the nickel foam not only can be directly used as a working electrode of electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution, but also can be used in the fields of the chlor-alkali industry, the water electrolysis process, solar energy water electrolysis and hydrogen manufacturing and the like.

A fuel cell sensor is provided for detecting the presence of acetylene and hydrogen in a fluid. The sensor includes a sensing element having first and second gas diffusing electrodes spaced from one another. The first gas diffusing electrode can be used for sensing acetylene. The second gas diffusing electrode can be used for sensing hydrogen. A fuel cell spacer having an acidic electrolyte is disposed between the sensing element and a common electrode. The sensing element can be configured to have a specific ratio of the area between the first gas diffusing electrode in relation to the area of the second gas diffusing electrode.

The present invention provides a catalyst which is not corroded in an acidic electrolyte or at a high potential, is excellent in durability and has high oxygen reduction activity. The catalyst of the present invention comprises an oxycarbonitride of titanium. The oxycarbonitride of titanium is preferably represented by the composition formula TiCxNyOz (wherein x, y and z represent a ratio of the numbers of atoms and are numbers satisfying the conditions of 0<x≦1.0, 0<y≦1.0, 0.1≦z<2.0, 1.0<x+y+z≦2.0 and 2.0≦4x+3y+2z). The catalyst is preferably a catalyst for a fuel cell.

Disclosed is a method of forming graphene. A graphite positive electrode (or positive electrode together with graphite material) wrapped in a semipermeable membrane and a negative electrode are dipped in an acidic electrolyte to conduct an electrolysis process. As such, a first graphene oxide having a size larger than a pore size of the semipermeable membrane is exfoliated from the graphite positive electrode (or the graphite material). The electrolysis process is continuously conducted until a second graphene oxide is exfoliated from the first graphene oxide, wherein the second graphene oxide has a size which is smaller than the pore size of the semipermeable membrane to penetrate through the semipermeable membrane. The second graphene oxide diffused into the acidic electrolyte outside of the semipermeable membrane is collected. Finally, the collected second graphene oxide is chemically reduced to obtain a graphene.

A zinc air battery, and preferably a secondary zinc air battery has an acid electrolyte in which the anionic form of an acid forms a complex with a zinc ion, and wherein the acid in the electrolyte reduces dendrite formation.

A micro fuel cell sensor having laminated gas permeable membrane. The sensor comprises a housing, first and second gas diffusing electrodes spaced from one another, a fuel-cell spacer having an acidic electrolyte disposed between said first and second electrodes, and two gas permeable membranes. The first gas permeable membrane comprises a polymer laminated on a metal substrate, wherein the substrate comprises pores that have dimensions at least less than one-half the thickness of the polymer film.