17200 results about "Liquid state" patented technology

A method of forming features on substrates by imprinting is provided. The method comprises: (a) forming a polymer solution comprising at least one polymer dissolved in at least one polymerizable monomer; and (b) depositing the polymer solution on a substrate to form a liquid film thereon; and then either: (c) curing the liquid film by causing the monomer(s) to polymerize and optionally cross-linking the polymer(s) to thereby form a polymer film, the polymer film having a glass transition temperature (Tg); and imprinting the polymer film with a mold having a desired pattern to form a corresponding negative pattern in the polymer film, or (d) imprinting the liquid film with the mold and curing it to form the polymer film. The temperature of imprinting is as little as 10° C. above the Tg, or even less if the film is in the liquid state. The pressure of the imprinting can be within the range of 100 to 500 psi.

The electrode material for a lithium secondary battery according to the present invention includes particles of a solid state alloy having silicon as a main component, wherein the particles of the solid state alloy have a microcrystal or amorphous material including an element other than silicon, dispersed in microcrystalline silicon or amorphized silicon. The solid state alloy preferably contains a pure metal or a solid solution. The composition of the alloy preferably has an element composition in which the alloy is completely mixed in a melted liquid state, whereby the alloy has a single phase in a melted liquid state without presence of two or more phases. The element composition can be determined by the kind of elements constituting the alloy and an atomic ratio of the elements.

A fluid storage and dispensing system comprising a vessel for holding a fluid at a desired pressure. The vessel has a pressure regulator associated with a port of the vessel, and set at a predetermined pressure. A dispensing assembly, e.g, including a flow control means such as a valve, is arranged in gas / vapor flow communication with the regulator, whereby the opening of the valve effects dispensing of gas / vapor from the vessel. The fluid in the vessel may be constituted by a liquid which is confined in the vessel at a pressure in excess of its liquefaction pressure at prevailing temperature conditions, e.g., ambient (room) temperature. A phase separator such as a gas / vapor-permeable liquid-impermeable membrane, may be associated with the regulator, as a barrier to flow of liquid into the regulator, when the contained fluid in the vessel is in a liquid state.

The present invention pertains to a system for processing semiconductor wafers. The processing may involve the removal of material from the wafers or deposition of material on the wafers. Various aspects of the invention include specialized pressurization, process vessel, recirculation, chemical addition, depressurization, and recapture-recycle subsystems. A solvent delivery mechanism can convert a liquid-state sub-critical solution to a supercritical processing solution and introduce it into a process vessel that contains a batch of wafers. The wafers may be rotated within the supercritical processing solution. The supercritical processing solution is preferably recirculated through the process vessel by a recirculation system. When chemical additives are added to a supercritical solvent, the momentum of the chemical additives are preferably matched to the momentum of the supercritical solvent. Additives may be added at a higher initial flow rate, then ramped down a lower flow rate, e.g., a steady-state flow rate.

Device for displacing drops of liquid by electrowetting, and a method for isolating two areas delimited by at least one wall including a step for:placing by electrowetting, in an aperture of said wall, a substance capable of reacting to at least one external stimulus in order to pass from a liquid state to a gel or solid state, forming a closure member.

The present invention pertains to a system for cleaning wafers that includes specialized pressurization, process vessel, recirculation, chemical addition, depressurization, and recapture-recycle subsystems, as well as methods for implementing wafer cleaning using such a system. A solvent delivery mechanism converts a liquid-state sub-critical solution to a supercritical cleaning solution and introduces it into a process vessel that contains a wafer or wafers. The supercritical cleaning solution is recirculated through the process vessel by a recirculation system. An additive delivery system introduces chemical additives to the supercritical cleaning solution via the solvent delivery mechanism, the process vessel, or the recirculation system. Addition of chemical additives to the sub-critical solution may also be performed. The recirculation system provides efficient mixing of chemical additives, efficient cleaning, and process uniformity. A depressurization system provides dilution and removal of cleaning solutions under supercritical conditions. A recapture-recycle system introduces captured-purified solvents into the solvent delivery mechanism.

A chemical vessel used for holding a liquid chemical precursor is disclosed comprising a liquid level sensor tube. The liquid level sensor tube is configured to operate in an environment where the liquid chemical precursor is heated to a point of boiling or vaporization. The liquid level sensor tube comprises housing with a slot built in to prevent any false readings of sensors disposed within the liquid level sensor tube.

Solder compositions are introduced to interface between an IC chip and its associated heat exchanger cover. The solder compositions have a solidus-liquidus temperature range that encompasses the IC chip operational temperature range. The solder composition has the desired property of absorbing and rejecting heat energy by changing state or phase with each temperature rise and decline that result from temperature fluctuations associated with the thermal cycles of the integrated circuit chips. A path for high thermal conduction (low thermal resistance) from the IC chip to the heat exchanger to the ambient air is provided by an electronic module cover, configured as a cap with a heat exchanger formed or attached as a single construction, and made of the same material as the substrate, or made with materials of compatible thermal coefficients of expansion to mitigate the effects of vertical displacement during thermal cycling. The cap-heat exchanger cover is constructed to be compliant, and to contact both the IC chip and substrate.

Production of synthetic liquid hydrocarbon fuel from carbon containing moieties such as biomass, coal, methane, naphtha as a carbon source and hydrogen from a carbon-free energy source is disclosed. The biomass can be fed to a gasifier along with hydrogen, oxygen, steam and recycled carbon dioxide. The synthesis gas from the gasifier exhaust is sent to a liquid hydrocarbon conversion reactor to form liquid hydrocarbon molecules. Unreacted CO & H2 can be recycled to the gasifier along with CO2 from the liquid hydrocarbon conversion reactor system. Hydrogen can be obtained from electrolysis of water, thermo-chemical cycles or directly by using energy from carbon-free energy sources.

A device for repair of intervertebral discs and cartilages in articular joints includes a catheter for inserting through a cannula, the catheter having a distal end and a proximal end and a lumen extending longitudinally therethrough. An expandable balloon may optionally be detachably attached to the catheter near the distal end. The proximal end of the catheter is coupled to an injector that holds a supply of a thermoplastic elastomer material at a predetermined elevated temperature sufficiently high to maintain the thermoplastic elastomer at a liquid state. The device allows a thermoplastic elastomer material to be injected into the intervertegral disc space or the articular joint space as a replacement prosthetic for the disc's nucleus pulposus or the joint's cartilage. This procedure is carried out percutaneously through the cannula.

A thermal interface material (40) includes a macromolecular material (32), and a plurality of carbon nanotubes (22) embedded in the macromolecular material uniformly. The thermal interface material includes a first surface (42) and an opposite second surface (44). Each carbon nanotube is open at both ends thereof, and extends from the first surface to the second surface of the thermal interface material. A method for manufacturing the thermal interface material includes the steps of: (a) forming an array of carbon nanotubes on a substrate; (b) submerging the carbon nanotubes in a liquid macromolecular material; (c) solidifying the liquid macromolecular material; and (d) cutting the solidified liquid macromolecular material to obtain the thermal interface material with the carbon nanotubes secured therein.

A high-throughput method of forming a semiconductor precursor layer by use of a chalcogen-containing vapor is disclosed. In one embodiment, the method comprises forming a precursor material comprising group IB and / or group IIIA particles of any shape. The method may include forming a precursor layer of the precursor material over a surface of a substrate. The method may further include heating the particle precursor material in a substantially oxygen-free chalcogen atmosphere to a processing temperature sufficient to react the particles and to release chalcogen from the chalcogenide particles, wherein the chalcogen assumes a liquid form and acts as a flux to improve intermixing of elements to form a group IB-IIIA-chalcogenide film at a desired stoichiometric ratio. The chalcogen atmosphere may provide a partial pressure greater than or equal to the vapor pressure of liquid chalcogen in the precursor layer at the processing temperature.

A device for controlling or altering the temperature of a liquid at the point of dispensing. A temperature-altering device is thermally coupled to a dispensing device to compensate for heat dissipated into the liquid as it passes through the dispensing device during dispensing. The dispensing device may be for example, a miniature solenoid valve (microvalve), a piezoelectric printhead, or the like. According to aspects of the invention, a temperature-altering device provides or reduces heat at the point of dispensing in order to alter, control or maintain a constant temperature of the dispensed liquid. As a result, improvement is obtained in the consistency of the fluid regime of the dispensed droplet stream. The temperature-altering device may be a thermoelectric device capable of moving heat either from or to the dispensing structure, or may be a heater. This device may be used beneficially even when the dispensing is performed near room temperature and the liquid does not require heating to maintain its liquid state.

The invention provides a fracturing sand mixing device used for mixing fracturing fluid. The fracturing sand mixing device comprises a solid-liquid mixing device, and the solid-liquid mixing device is a pressure container. The solid-liquid mixing device comprises a solid lead-in port capable of leading in solid particles of the fracturing fluid, a base fluid lead-in port for leading in base fluid of the fracturing fluid, a mixing inner cavity for accommodating the solid particles and the base fluid and a solid-liquid lead-out port for leading out the fracturing fluid formed by mixing. Substances such as carbon dioxide or petroleum gas which are in a gas state under normal temperature can be kept in a liquid state by high pressure through the fracturing sand mixing device and are mixed with the solid particles to form the fracturing fluid, and the goal of preparing the fracturing fluid with liquid carbon dioxide or liquefied petroleum gas (propane) serving as the base fluid is achieved.

The invention relates to an enveloped controlled release fertilizer and method for preparation which consists of, preheating the urea particles to a predetermined temperature, spraying the molten liquid state sulfur to the urea particles, forming a layer of smooth and compact sulfur-coated urea, charging hot-curing resin component on the sulfur-coated urea for even distribution onto the urea particle surface and fast formation.

Liquid-cooled electronics racks are provided which include: immersion-cooled electronic subsystems; a vapor-condensing heat exchanger to condense dielectric fluid vapor egressing from the immersion-cooled electronic subsystems; a dielectric fluid vapor return coupling in fluid communication the vapor outlets of the immersion-cooled electronic subsystems and the vapor-condensing heat exchanger; a reservoir for holding dielectric fluid; a gravity drain line coupled to drain dielectric fluid condensate from the vapor-condensing heat exchanger to the reservoir; an immersed, sub-cooling heat exchanger disposed within the reservoir; a dielectric fluid supply manifold coupling in fluid communication the reservoir and the dielectric fluid inlets of the immersion-cooled electronic subsystems; and a pump for supplying under pressure dielectric fluid from the reservoir to the dielectric fluid supply manifold for maintaining dielectric fluid in a liquid state within the immersion-cooled electronic subsystems.

The invention provides a fracturing sand mixing device used for mixing fracturing fluid. The fracturing sand mixing device comprises a solid conveying device and a solid-liquid mixing device communicated with the solid conveying device, wherein the solid-liquid mixing device is a pressure container. The solid-liquid mixing device comprises a solid lead-in port capable of leading in solid particles of the fracturing fluid output by the solid conveying device, a base fluid lead-in port for leading in base fluid of the fracturing fluid, a mixing inner cavity for accommodating the solid particles and the base fluid and a solid-liquid lead-out port for leading out the fracturing fluid formed by mixing. Substances such as carbon dioxide or petroleum gas which are in a gas state under normal temperature can be kept in a liquid state by high pressure through the fracturing sand mixing device and are mixed with the solid particles to form the fracturing fluid, and the goal of preparing the fracturing fluid with liquid carbon dioxide or liquefied petroleum gas (propane) serving as the base fluid is achieved.

The invention provides a fracturing sand mixing device used for mixing fracturing fluid. The fracturing sand mixing device comprises a solid-liquid mixing device, and the solid-liquid mixing device is a pressure container. The solid-liquid mixing device comprises a solid lead-in port capable of leading in solid particles of the fracturing fluid, a base fluid lead-in port for leading in base fluid of the fracturing fluid, a mixing inner cavity for accommodating the solid particles and the base fluid and a solid-liquid lead-out port for leading out the fracturing fluid formed by mixing. Substances such as carbon dioxide or petroleum gas which are in a gas state under normal temperature can be kept in a liquid state by high pressure through the fracturing sand mixing device and are mixed with the solid particles to form the fracturing fluid, and the goal of preparing the fracturing fluid with liquid carbon dioxide or liquefied petroleum gas (propane) serving as the base fluid is achieved.

A light diffuser (10), which is particularly suitable for introducing diffuse light into a tissue, is produced by interpenetration of a diffuser material in a liquid state into a boundary layer (4) of a porous shaping material, by which process a diffuser surface is formed having a surface structure which represents essentially a negative of the pore structure of the shaping material and comprises undercut structures induced by a surface tension. The light diffuser (10) is, for example, produced by introducing a diffuser blank (1) comprising material which is liquefiable through mechanical vibration into the shaping material and simultaneously stimulating it with mechanical vibrations, such that the liquefiable material liquefies at least there where it is in contact with the shaping material and is pressed into the shaping material.

The invention provides a fracturing sand mixing device used for mixing fracturing fluid. The fracturing sand mixing device comprises a solid conveying device and a solid-liquid mixing device communicated with the solid conveying device, wherein the solid-liquid mixing device is a pressure container. The solid-liquid mixing device comprises a solid lead-in port capable of leading in solid particles of the fracturing fluid output by the solid conveying device, a base fluid lead-in port for leading in base fluid of the fracturing fluid, a mixing inner cavity for accommodating the solid particles and the base fluid and a solid-liquid lead-out port for leading out the fracturing fluid formed by mixing. Substances such as carbon dioxide or petroleum gas which are in a gas state under normal temperature can be kept in a liquid state by high pressure through the fracturing sand mixing device and are mixed with the solid particles to form the fracturing fluid, and the goal of preparing the fracturing fluid with liquid carbon dioxide or liquefied petroleum gas (propane) serving as the base fluid is achieved.

In a sensor layer for quantitative determination of at least one chemical component in a gaseous or liquid sample medium containing a chromophore which is directly or indirectly responsive to the component being determined by changing its absorption spectrum, and a luminophore which is not responsive to the component being determined, where there is an at least partial overlap between the emission spectrum of the luminophore and the absorption spectrum of the chromophore, and where the energy transfer between luminophore and chromophore produces a measurable change in at least one luminescence characteristic of the luminophore, the luminophore L and the chromophore GAMMA are ionic substances with differing electrical charges, which are incorporated in a matrix material that is permeable to the chemical component being determined.

A preparation method of completely peeled oxidation graphene / rubber nanometer composite material adopts combination of emulsion compounding and flocculation processes or combination of emulsion compounding and spraying drying processes. The preparation method retains the phase state structure of the oxidation grapheme / rubber composite emulation in the liquid state and obtains the phase-state structure which is highly dispersed, highly peeled and dispersed in nanometer scale dispersion. Simultaneously, substances capable of acting with generating ionic bond effect or chemical bond effect with an oxidation graphene surface functional group are added into the oxidation graphene / hydrosol to serve as an interface agent, thereby improving interface combination effect of oxidation graphene and rubber. Vulcanized rubber prepared by the composite material of the preparation method through follow-up mixing and vulcanizing has mechanical property such as high tensile strength, stretching stress and tearing strength and is capable of greatly improving abrasion resistance and gas separation performance of the vulcanized rubber. The preparation method is simple, easy, low in cost, apt to industrialization and wide in suitable aspect, saves energy and has better economical and social benefits.

The gel preparation has the merits of both solution and gel. By means of the combination of different type poloxamers, ocular in-situ gel preparation containing medicine and water soluble polymer supplementary material is prepared. The preparation contains poloxamer 407 and poloxament 188 as well as water soluble polymer supplementary material less than 3%. The preparation has proper phase conversion temperatur and may form gel on the surface of cornea of living body after being applied in liquid state at room temperature. The present invention can delay the disappearance of medicine and raise the biological utilization in some local area and is suitable for various ocular medicines.

Device for displacing drops of liquid by electrowetting, and a method for isolating two areas delimited by at least one wall including a step for:placing by electrowetting, in an aperture of said wall, a substance capable of reacting to at least one external stimulus in order to pass from a liquid state to a gel or solid state, forming a closure member.

The invention provides an electrically operated aerosol generating system (100) for receiving an aerosol - forming substrate (115). The system comprises a liquid storage portion (113) for storing liquid aerosol - forming substrate, an electric heater (119) comprising at least one heating element for heating the liquid aerosol - forming substrate, and electric circuitry (109) for determining depletion of liquid aerosol- forming substrate heated by the heater based on a relationship between a temperature of the heating element and power applied to the heating element. There is also provided a method in an electrically operated aerosol generating system comprising a liquid storage portion for storing liquid aerosol - forming substrate and an electric heater comprising at least one heating element for heating the liquid aerosol - forming substrate, the method comprising: determining depletion of liquid aerosol - forming substrate heated by the heater based on a relationship between a temperature of the heating element and power applied to the heating element.

The invention relates to an active device having variable energy / light transmission properties (100) comprising an active system (1, 12) between a protective substrate (2) and a protective cover (3), selected from an essentially inorganic electrochromic system, a light valve system, a liquid crystal system, a gasochromic system, a thermochromic system, means leakproof to liquid water and / or water vapor, a surround (50) made from at least one metal based part (5a, 5b) on the periphery of the device, the surround being assembled with the cover and with the substrate by assembling means (61′ to 64′) forming at least part of the means leakproof to water vapor.

Method and apparatus for storing heat in industrial systems where large sources of stored energy are called upon to meet a work load, storing the heat content of a hot working fluid by using the hot working fluid as a heat transfer fluid in vapor form and depositing its heat content on a heat storage medium and then removing the cooled and condensed liquid phase of that heat transfer fluid, and when hot working fluid again is needed, the liquid heat transfer fluid is returned to the heated storage medium and is reheated as it passes through the hot storage medium and then is returned to the working system to be used as a hot working fluid.

A spine stabilization device is provided, the spine stabilization device including an interbody spacer shaped to be inserted between a vertebral body of an upper vertebra and a vertebral body of a lower vertebra, and including a top surface oriented towards the lower endplate of the vertebral body of the upper vertebra and a bottom surface oriented towards the upper endplate of the vertebral body of the lower vertebra; and a fixation device to be inserted after placement of the interbody spacer, the fixation device including a support portion securing the interbody spacer against escaping from between the vertebral bodies of the upper and lower vertebra into a ventral direction, the support portion shaped to rest against a portion of an anterior surface of the interbody spacer, and further including an anchor, the anchor including an anchoring material portion that is configured to be inserted, in a liquid state, into cancellous bone tissue of at least one of the vertebral body of the upper vertebra and of the vertebral body of the lower vertebra, to thereby infiltrate the cancellous bone tissue, and to harden thereafter so as to fix the support portion to the vertebral body.

An improved system for generating electrical power using a fuel cell. More particularly, a system for generating hydrogen gas by reacting water vapor with a substantially non-fluid substance and transporting the generated hydrogen gas to the fuel cell which generates electrical power. Reacting water vapor with the non-fluid hydrogen generating substance rather than liquid water prevents caking of the non-fluid substance and deposition of byproducts onto the non-fluid substance that interfere with continued generation of hydrogen gas.

An autonomous floor cleaning robot includes a transport drive and control system arranged for autonomous movement of the robot over a floor for performing cleaning operations. The robot chassis carries cleaning elements arranged to spray a liquid cleaning fluid onto the cleaning surface across a cleaning width. The cleaning fluid mixes with contaminated on the floor, which become emulsified or otherwise mixed with the cleaning fluid. The robot further include cleaning elements configured to suction up waste materials and particularly the liquid waste material generated by the mixing of the cleaning fluid and contaminates.