The invention provides a method of performing chloridizing roasting to synchronously reduce and recover gold and iron from gold concentrate cyanide tailings, and belongs to the technical field of comprehensive utilization of resources. The method comprises the following steps: performing reverse flotation desilicication preconcentration on the gold concentrate cyanide tailings which comprise 0.5-0.95% of phosphorus, 0.9-1.4% of sulfur, 20-25% of iron, and 3.0-4.5 g / t of gold, drying the obtained concentrate, then mixing the concentrate with a chlorinating agent, a reducing agent, a dephosphorization agent and a desulfurizing agent, pelletizing, performing high temperature chlorination to volatilize gold and synchronously performing deep reduction to remove sulfur and phosphorus, collecting the exhaust gas to recover gold, and then performing crushing, ore grinding, magnetic separation on the roasted pellets to recover iron. With application of the method, a gold product and a sponge iron product can be obtained, wherein the gold recovery rate of the gold product is 92-96%; in the sponge iron product, the iron grade is 90-92.5%, the sulfur content is less than 0.06%, the phosphorus content is less than 0.07%, and the iron recovery rate is 88-93%. Through the reverse flotation preconcentration, the method can reduce the energy consumption of the follow-up treatment process and realize recycling of the low-grade gold and iron in the gold concentrate cyanide tailings.