The invention relates to the technical field of a sodium ion battery, in particular to a MoS2 / nitrogen-doped carbon tube composite material and preparation method and application thereof. Low-cost melamine sponge is used as a template material, a layer of MoS2 is grown on a surface of sponge fiber, high-temperature calcination is performed under argon protection, the sponge fiber contracts and iscollapsed from inside to outside, a unique three-dimensional hollow structure is grown, a layer of MoS2 nanosheet is uniformly grown at an outer layer, a nitrogen-doped carbon tube structure is arranged at an inner layer, electrolyte moving is facilitated, rapid electron transfer is also facilitated; and a nitrogen-doped carbon tube is arranged at an inner wall, many active sites are increased bya large amount of nitrogen, and the material obtains very excellent cycle property and rate performance when used as a sodium ion battery negative electrode material.