1046 results about "Hierarchical porous" patented technology

Disclosed are porous ceramic balls with a hierarchical porous structure ranging in size from nanometers to micrometers, and preparation methods thereof. Self-assembly polymers and sol-gel reactions are used to prepare porous ceramic balls in which pores ranging in size from ones of nanometers to tens of micrometers are hierarchically interconnected to one another. This hierarchical porous structure ensures high specific surface areas and porosities for the porous ceramic balls. Further, the size and distribution of the pores can be simply controlled with hydrophobic solvent and reaction time. The pore formation through polymer self-assembly and sol-gel reactions can be applied to ceramic and transition metals. Porous structures based on bioceramic materials, such as bioactive glass, allow the formation of apatite therein and thus can be used as biomaterials of bioengineering, including bone fillers, bone reconstruction materials, bone scaffolds, etc.

The invention discloses a preparation method for a Beta zeolite molecular sieve with a hierarchical porous structure. Ethyl orthosilicate is used as a silicon source, sodium metaaluminate is used as an aluminum source, hexaammonio cationic quaternary ammonium surfactant is used as a template, and then the hierarchical porous zeolite molecular sieve containing meso pores and Beta zeolite micropores is prepared by using a hydro-thermal synthesis process under an alkaline condition. According to the invention, the hexaammonio cationic quaternary ammonium surfactant is used as a Beta zeolite structure guiding agent and generates micropores, aggregation of hydrophobic long-chain alkyl groups on the surfactant forms the meso pores, so the prepared Beta zeolite molecular sieve has both meso pores and the crystalline micropores. The structure with both the meso pores and the micropores enables defects of a single pore structure to be avoided and mass transfer efficiency to be improved, and the Beta zeolite molecular sieve has a wide application prospect in aspects of macro-molecular catalysis, adsorption, separation, etc.

A series of MOF-based hierarchical porous material, namely IPD-mesoMOF-1˜9, based on nanoscale MOFs of MIL-100(Al, Fe, Cr, Sc and In), MIL-53(Al), HKUST-1, DUT-5, DUT-4, MIL-101(Cr), MIL-101NDC(Cr), MIL-101BPDC(Cr) and MIL-110 respectively, forming the permanent interparticle porosities by using close (or relatively close) packing, and preparation methods thereof. Modulated or functionalized IPD-mesoMOFs can be applied for gas adsorption and molecule separation (such as CH4- and CO2-adsorption, gasoline/diesel desulfurization and purification), catalyst loadings and molecular recognition/immobilization of biological macromolecules and enzymes.

The invention discloses a method for preparing a multi-level porous titanium-silicon molecular sieve, which comprises the following steps: (1) After mixing the silicon source, the structure-directing agent, the titanium source and water uniformly in a certain proportion, directly adding a silylating agent or first After pre-crystallization, a silylating agent is added to obtain a reaction mixture containing a silylating agent; (2) the reaction mixture containing a silylating agent is crystallized under certain conditions in a pressure-resistant airtight container, and then recovered to obtain a crystallized product; (3) the recovered crystallized product is roasted and then treated with alkali to obtain an alkaline mixture; (4) the alkaline mixture is hydrothermally treated in a pressure-resistant airtight container, and the product is recovered. The hierarchically porous titanium-silicon molecular sieve obtained by the technical scheme has the advantages of high crystallinity, high macromolecular reactivity and selectivity, and adjustable pore structure.

A method for fabricating a porous carbon material possessing a hierarchical porosity, the method comprising subjecting a precursor composition to a curing step followed by a carbonization step, the precursor composition comprising: (i) a templating component comprised of a block copolymer, (ii) a phenolic component, (iii) a dione component in which carbonyl groups are adjacent, and (iv) an acidic component, wherein said carbonization step comprises heating the precursor composition at a carbonizing temperature for sufficient time to convert the precursor composition to a carbon material possessing a hierarchical porosity comprised of mesopores and macropores. Also described are the resulting hierarchical porous carbon material, a capacitive deionization device in which the porous carbon material is incorporated, as well as methods for desalinating water by use of said capacitive deionization device.

The invention discloses a preparation method and application of a hierarchical pore metal-organic framework loaded heteropolyacid catalyst. The catalyst adopts hydrothermal-extraction method for preparation. The method includes: dissolving an organic ligand, a template agent, a metal salt and Keggin type heteropolyacid in a solvent, conducting hydrothermal synthesis of a crystal product, and thenperforming Soxhlet extraction to obtain a catalyst. The obtained catalyst has a meso-micro hierarchical porous structure, realizes high dispersion of the active component heteropolyacid and ultra-highloading capacity, and at the same time solves the problems of large mass transfer resistance, long diffusion path and small reaction place in microporous materials. The catalyst provided by the invention shows excellent catalytic performance in both photocatalytic degradation of dye wastewater and catalysis of oxidation-extraction desulfurization reaction, the catalysis reaction uses visible light and hydrogen peroxide respectively, the process is clean, environment-friendly and green, and after repeated use, the catalyst still maintains high activity, and has high industrial application value.

Disclosed is a process for preparing nitrogen self-doped hierarchical porous oxide in the technical field of functional material by employing biological templates, steps of which comprises 1) selecting fresh biomaterial to fix in glutaraldehyde PBS stationary liquid, 2) soaking the biomaterial, after being rinsed by pure water and fixed, in HCl, then rinsing the biomaterial by distilled water for a plurality of times, soaking the biomaterial in salt solution of metal M, 3) rinsing the biomaterial obtained from step 2) by pure water, soaking in the salt solution of metal M, 4) rinsing the obtained biomaterial from step 3) to obtain biomaterial which is naturally dried, then heating within the range of 500-1000 DEG C in an oxygen atmosphere and insulating to obtain the nitrogen-doped porous oxide N-MxOy. The nitrogen self-doped porous oxide prepared by the invention not only is provided with a biological porous structure, but also effectively realizes nitrogen self-doping, and has the obviously strengthened advantage of capturing and absorbing light wave with different wave ranges.

The invention provides method for preparation of a graphene three-dimensional hierarchical porous carbon material from biomass raw materials of coconut shell, palm shell and apricot shell. The method fully and reasonably utilizes rich resources of biowaste, and avoids the usage of chemical raw materials. The prepared graphene three-dimensional hierarchical porous carbon material has special laminated structure with wrinkles and hierarchical porous structure containing mesopore, micropore and macropore, so that the conductive performance of the material is better than similar materials in the prior art.

The invention relates to a preparation method of a capacitive type desalination electrode prepared from a hierarchical porous carbon material with a core-shell structure, which belongs to the technical field of a manufacturing process of the capacitive type desalination electrode. The preparation method comprises the following steps of firstly, adding another kind of metal ion and an organic ligand into one kind of metal organic framework solution to obtain a uniform mixed solution; crystallizing the uniform mixed solution at a high temperature to obtain a metal organic framework compound with the core-shell structure, wherein the compound has a geometric shape similar to that of a pure metal organic framework compound crystal; performing high-temperature calcining and reaction of an aqueous solution of hydrofluoric acid to remove metal oxides and obtain the hierarchical porous carbon material with the core-shell structure; uniformly mixing and then smearing a composite material, acetylene black and a polytetrafluoroethylene emulsion on graphite paper, and drying to prepare the capacitive type desalination electrode. The preparation method disclosed by the invention has the advantages of simplicity in operation, easily-controlled conditions and capability of synthesizing in a large batch; the prepared electrode has high specific surface area, good conducting property and wetting property as well as a potential application prospect in the aspect of capacitive type desalination.

The invention discloses a nitrogen and sulfur co-doped hierarchical porous carbon composite material, and a preparation method and an application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of supercapacitor electrode materials. A natural polymer material which is abundant in the nature, low in price and easy to obtain is used as a carbon source, graphene oxide is added to improve the conductivity, an activator and a doping agent are added in advance, and a general two-step technology (high-temperature carbonization and chemical activation) for preparing a carbon material is simplified into one-step high-temperature annealing, so that the carbon material with a high specific surface area and a hierarchical porous three-dimensional structure is obtained; and nitrogen and sulfur doping improves the electrochemical performances of the material. The composite carbon material has the advantages of high mass specific capacitance, excellent high-current rate capability, ultra-long cycle life,high mass energy density and high power density when used as a high-performance electrode material for a supercapacitor. The preparation method has the advantages of simplicity, feasibility, low requirements on reaction deices, environmental friendliness, and suitableness for industrial production.

The invention provides a preparation method for a nitrogen-doped carbon oxygen reduction catalyst with a hierarchical porous structure, belonging to the technical field of a fuel cell. The preparation method comprises the following steps of: firstly, preparing a eutectic molten salt having a three-dimensional macro-porous structure by a freeze drying method; secondly, using the eutectic molten salt as a template, doping a nitrogen-containing precursor, and leading the nitrogen-containing precursor to be oxidized and polymerized on the surface of the eutectic molten salt by a solid-phase polymerization method, wherein ammonium persulfate serves as an oxidizing agent, and a ferric salt serves as a promoter; and finally, carrying out high-temperature pyrolysis and removing the eutectic molten salt. With the adoption of the nitrogen-doped carbon oxygen reduction catalyst with the hierarchical porous structure, the nitrogen-containing precursor can be effectively prevented from pyrolysis loss, structural collapse and sintering during the high-temperature carbonation process, the catalyst yield and the nitrogen doping efficiency are improved, moreover, a large amount of micropores, mesoporous and macropores can be generated, and the mass transfer efficiency of oxygen and water is improved. The method is simple and practical, the production cost is low, and the prepared catalyst has excellent oxygen reduction catalytic activity and can substitute the traditional commercial Pt/C catalyst.

The invention discloses a hierarchical-porous zeolite preparation method.A hierarchical-porous zeolite material is prepared according to alkali vapor thermal treatment method by taking various alkali vapors as mineralizing agents for zeolitization and taking amorphous mesoporous/macroporous materials as precursors.The applicable amorphous mesoporous/macroporous materials serving as the precursors relate to amorphous porous inorganic precursors of various mesoporous/macroporous molecular sieves, and the applicable hierarchical-porous zeolites relate to MFI zeolite, beta zeolite, Y zeolite and silicatite-1 zeolite.The hierarchical-porous zeolite preparation method is a first embodiment of hierarchical-porous zeolite preparation according to the alkali metal vapor thermal treatment method and is equivalent or higher in HF and wider in zeolite preparation applicability as compared with the prior art.

The invention relates to a cobalt and nitrogen codoped carbon-based oxygen reduction catalyst of a three-dimensional hierarchical porous structure and a preparation method. According to the preparation method, a bovine bone is used as a carbon precursor, in-situ nitrogen doped hierarchical porous carbon prepared through activation and carbonization is used as a carrier, vitamin B12 of a cobalt-nitrogen chelated structure is used as a cobalt and nitrogen precursor, and the cobalt and nitrogen codoped carbon-based catalyst is prepared by pyrolyzing the porous carbon and vitamin B12 under the inert atmosphere at the same time, wherein the content of doped cobalt is 0.005-4%, and the content of doped nitrogen is 0.5-5%. Compared with the prior art, the catalyst is high in oxygen reduction catalytic activity and stability, high in poison resistance and good in mass transfer performance, the preparation method is simple and controllable, the precursors are low in price, and the preparation process is environmentally friendly. The catalyst can be widely applied to the fields of proton exchange membrane fuel cells, metal-air fuel cells and the like.

The invention discloses a composite nanostructure based on a three-dimensional porous transition metal carbide Ti3C2MXene and a general preparation method thereof, and belongs to the field of nanomaterials. The three-dimensional composite structure is composed of a three-dimensional porous Mxene-supported inorganic nanostructure, and has a honeycomb hierarchical porous structure. A precursor of atwo-dimensional transition metal carbide and a metal-organic framework compound is subjected to high-temperature pyrolysis or a chemical reaction in an inert or reactive atmosphere to prepare the composite nanostructure with a controllable size. According to the composite nanostructure, stacking of MXene itself is inhibited, an active surface area, porosity, and ion permeability of MXene are increased, and thereby a surface interface of MXene is efficiently used. At the same time, introduction of the metal-organic framework compound realizes uniform and stable compounding of the three-dimensional porous MXene and an inorganic nanomaterial, the fundamental difficult problem that plagues exerting and application of inorganic nanomaterial performance is solved, and the composite nanostructurehas wide application prospects in the fields such as catalysis, energy, photo-electricity, space technology, and military industry.

The invention belongs to the technical field of nano materials, and relates to a transparent self-cleaning SiO2 anti-fogging coating and a preparation method thereof. A static self-assembly method is adopted, and hierarchical mesoporous SiO2 nanoparticles and polyelectrolyte are alternately assembled to form the super hydrophilic or hydrophobic transparent self-cleaning SiO2 anti-fogging coating.The coating consisting of the hierarchical mesoporous SiO2 nanoparticles has a hierarchical porous structure and a hierarchical rough structure on the surface; and the hierarchical mesopores of the hierarchical mesoporous SiO2 nanoparticles are positioned on the surfaces of the hierarchical mesoporous SiO2 nanoparticles, and comprise 2-5nm mesopores enclosed by amorphous silicon dioxide frameworkstructures and 5-30nm mesopores enclosed by amorphous silicon dioxide framework structures. Because of the hierarchical mesopores of the hierarchical mesoporous SiO2 nanoparticles and pores among thehierarchical mesopores, the transmittance of a glass plate coated with the hierarchical mesoporous SiO2 nanoparticles is improved from 90.4 percent to 92.0 percent.

The invention relates to a hierarchical porous titanium-silicon molecular sieve as well as a preparation method thereof and an olefin epoxidation method. The hierarchical porous titanium-silicon molecular sieve has a grain size of 600-700 nm, has relative crystallinity of 55-64%, has a specific surface area of 660-725 m<2>/g, has a total pore volume of 0.55-0.7 cm<3>/g, and has a mesoporous volumeof 0.3-0.5 cm<3>/g; the volumes of pores with the pore diameters of 0.5-2 nm of the hierarchical porous titanium-silicon molecular sieve account for 15-36% of the total pore volume, the volumes of pores with the pore diameters of 2-4 nm account for 1-25% of the total pore volume, and the volumes of the pores with the pore diameters of 4-16 nm account for 20-45% of the total pore volume, and the volumes of the pores with the pore diameters greater than 16 nm account for 20% or lower of the total pore volume. The hierarchical porous titanium-silicon molecular sieve disclosed by the invention isgreater in mesoporous volume, is higher in proportion of the total pore volume, and can remarkably increase an olefin conversion rate and can improve selectivity of alkyleneoxide while used for olefin oxidization reaction.

The invention discloses a porous silicon material, and a preparation method and an application thereof. The porous silicon material is mainly prepared by mechanical milling and acid etching of metallurgical iron-silicon alloy as a raw material; the dimension of the porous silicon material is in micron/submicron level; the porous silicon material has a diamond structure, belongs to an Fd-3m (227) space group, and has a reaction phase which can react with lithium (Li); a large number of hierarchical porous structures with different dimensions are evenly distributed in the surface and the inside of the porous silicon material; the porous silicon material can be used as a lithium ion battery anode active material, and shows the characteristics of high (first) coulombic efficiency, high capacity, excellent cycling stability and the like when applied to a lithium ion battery; meanwhile, the preparation technology of the porous silicon material is simple, and can be carried out only by conventional equipment; the used raw materials are cheap and available; the technological process is easy to control; and the porous silicon material is good in repeatability, high in productivity, stable in product quality and suitable for large-scale production.

The invention relates to a hydrogenation catalyst and a preparation method thereof. The active metals are the VIB group metal and VIII group metal, the carrier is composed of a composite molecular sieve, alumina, silicon dioxide and a binder, and the composite molecular sieve is an hierarchical porous composite molecular sieve formed by cladding a microporous Beta molecular sieve with mesoporous amorphous silicon-aluminum. The preparation method of the hydrogenation catalyst includes: (1) mixing the composite molecular sieve, alumina, silicon dioxide and the binder evenly to conduct molding; performing drying in an atmosphere of 80-130DEG C, and conducting roasting at 400-600DEG C; and (2) preparing an impregnation solution from a compound containing active metal component elements, dipping the carrier, then drying the carrier at 80-130DEG C, and conducting calcination at 400-600DEG C. The catalyst is used for hydrocracking reaction of vacuum distillate oil, improves the reaction catalytic activity, promotes selective generation of middle distillate oil, effectively inhibits secondary cracking side reaction, and reduces the yield of low-boiling-point distillates.