The invention discloses a sodium ion secondary battery, an active substance, a positive electrode and a negative electrode used by the sodium ion secondary battery, and a preparation method of the active substance. The space group of the active substance is Pbam, and the chemical general formula of the active substance is Nax[Mn(x-y)Ay]Ti1-xO2-delta, wherein A is one of Al, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Co, Mo, V and Cr, x is more than 0.2 and less than 0.8, y is not less than 0 and not more than 0.1, and delta is not less than 0 and not more than 0.05. The active substance of the sodium ion secondary battery can be used as a positive electrode material and can be further used as a negative electrode material; when the active substance is used as the positive electrode, the sodium storage voltage is between 2.6-3.6V, and the average voltage is 3.0V; when the active substance is used as the negative electrode, the sodium storage voltage is between 1.5-2.6V, and the average voltage is 2.0V; the average working voltage of a total battery constructed by using the active substance as the positive electrode and the negative electrode is 0.8V.