The invention provides a water supply pipe network valve layout design and optimization method which comprises the following steps: S1, abstracting valves and pipe points in a pipe network into points, abstracting pipe sections into edges, and constructing an NE graph; S2, identifying a turn-off unit by using the NE graph; S3, constructing an SV graph; S4, utilizing the SV graph to calculate the weighted deficient supply quantity; and S5, solving an optimal valve layout scheme set based on NSGA-II. The water supply pipe network valve layout design and optimization method has the beneficial effects that under certain economic cost, the NSGA-II algorithm is used for optimizing the valve layout, and the water consumption which cannot be supplied after the pipe network has an accident is reduced to the minimum, so that the reliability of the pipe network is improved; the reconstruction of the SV graph can be realized only by performing local modification on the SV graph, and the time complexity of the algorithm is effectively reduced by using the cut points in the graph theory when the weighting lacking supply is calculated; and the water supply pipe network valve layout design and optimization method can be applied to the design of new pipe network valve layout and the transformation process of an existing pipe network, so that engineering cost can be controlled easily, and valvescan be scientifically and reasonably arranged.