The invention discloses a vehicle multi-target detection and trajectory tracking method based on re-identification, and belongs to the field of computer vision technology and video monitoring. The method comprises the following steps that firstly, a model capable of effectively extracting vehicle visual features on each track is trained by utilizing a vehicle re-identification technology; then, vehicle detection is carried out on each frame of image in the camera; and finally, in combination with the vehicle appearance features extracted by the re-identification model, motion prediction and visual similarity discrimination are fused, and single-camera multi-target tracking is executed, so that the driving trajectories of all matched vehicles are obtained. According to the method, multi-target matching of front and rear frames of images is successfully achieved in the aspect of tracking, the problem of tracking target shielding is effectively solved, and the appearance characteristics of the vehicle images shot by the multi-angle camera are extracted by adopting a re-identification technology aiming at the possible instability of algorithm detection performance caused by multiple visual angles and are fused into a tracking scheme, re-identification which occurs again after the tracking target is lost is achieved, and the track tracking capability is further improved.