9481 results about "Loop control" patented technology

The invention relates to systems that provide variable stiffness and / or variable damping using an electroactive polymer transducer. Systems described herein offer several techniques that provide variable and controlled stiffness and / or damping. A transducer may be implemented using open loop control, thereby providing simple systems that inactively deliver a desired stiffness and / or damping performance. Alternately, closed loop control techniques permit electroactive polymer transducer designs that actively adapt the stiffness and / or damping performance of a system. Further, transducers may be implemented in a device whose stiffness changes with deflection of the polymer.

Scheduled transmissions in a multi-channel scheduled communication system include both sounding reference signal and data transmission in sub-frames. The sounding reference signal is transmitted from a user equipment device to a base station with a power level that is either open loop controlled or closed loop controlled by the base station and / or the network. The transmit power level for the sounding reference signal can be a constant or a function of the number of scheduled channels for data transmission. The base station informs the UE the number of scheduled channels, as well as a data transmit power offset relative to the sound reference signal power. The data transmit power level is decided according to the sounding reference signal transmit power, the allocated channels, and the data transmit power offset.

Methods for compensating for phase shifts of a communication signal. The methods involve determining a first reference signal (Vref-1) at a first location along a transmission path and a second reference signal (Vref-2) at a second location along the transmission path. Vref-2 is the same as Vref-1. At the first location, a first phase offset is determined using Vref-1 and a first communication signal. At the second location, a second phase offset is determined using Vref-2 and a second communication signal. A phase of a third communication signal is adjusted at the second location using the first and second phase offsets to obtain a modified communication signal. The first, second, and third communication signals are the same communication signal obtained at different locations along the transmission path.

A condition of impaired speed and torque control of a parallel electrically variable transmission due to factors beyond nominal modeling and estimation errors is diagnosed under low speed operation. The transmission includes at least one electric machine and a motor torque controller for regulating the transmission input speed and output torque. The motor torque controller includes an open-loop control path based on predetermined torques and accelerations and a closed loop control path based on input speed error. The presence of a larger than expected closed-loop correction magnitude, combined with low output speed and one or more other conditions is used to diagnose a condition of potential torque error, in which case the transmission control is altered to prevent unwanted operation.

An electrical load is supplied with power from a driving power source, and a microprocessor (CPU) controls the opening / closing current supply rate (duty factor) of an opening / closing element in accordance with target current and driving power source voltage so that open loop control is carried out to achieve predetermined target current. The voltage between both the ends of a current detecting resistor connected to the ground side of the opening / closing element is input as a monitoring voltage from a current detecting amplifying circuit portion through a multichannel AD converter to CPU. When the error between the comparison target voltage corresponding to the target current and the monitoring voltage is above a first permissible error, CPU judges that there is an abnormality sign, and if the error is above a larger second permissible error, CPU judges that there is appearing abnormality. Accordingly, an abnormality sign of a semi-wire-breaking / semi-short-circuit state of the electrical load can be sensed, and abnormality notification can be carried out.

A wire loop comprises a wire connecting a first bonding point and a second bonding point therethrough, wherein the wire has a crushed part formed therein by crushing the part of the wire and a top of a ball bonded to the first bonding point with a capillary. The wire loop is formed by a wire bonding method which includes: bonding the wire to the first bonding point; moving the capillary horizontally and vertically while carrying out loop control; bonding the wire to the vicinity of the top of the ball bonded to the first bonding point; and thereafter, moving the capillary horizontally and vertically to the second bonding point while delivering the wire and carrying out loop control, and then bonding the wire to the second bonding point.

Control systems and methods for independent control of power systems, particularly lighting network branches, and separate control of individual branch components. Multi-branch systems comprise independently controllable branches that inter-communicate via PLC communications. In each branch, components such as ballasts, local control units, sensors, actuators, and repeaters, may exchange commands and queries independently of a branch remote control unit (BRCU). Alternatively, a BRCU may manage or arbitrate communications, or interact with other BRCUs, other control units and external management systems. Ballasts include a multi-channel ballast that enables close-loop control of individual fixtures, or of individual dimmable or non-dimmable lamps within a fixture. The close-loop control is facilitated by sampling circuits / sensors co-located with each controlled fixture or lamp. All controllers are preferably implemented using an integrated digital controller. The PLC communication is preferably carried out by a direct spread spectrum method that eliminates side lobes from a cross-correlation function, using an anti-collision protocol.

A disk drive is disclosed comprising a disk and a head actuated over the disk by a voice coil motor (VCM) comprising a voice coil, wherein the VCM is controlled by a VCM control loop comprising an IR voltage detector. The IR voltage detector is updated by measuring a first back EMF voltage of the voice coil, and after measuring the first back EMF voltage, applying a first control current to the voice coil for a first interval and applying a second control current to the voice coil for a second interval. After the second interval, a second back EMF voltage is measured, and a delta voltage is computed relative to a difference between the first back EMF voltage and the second back EMF voltage. The IR voltage detector is adjusted in response to the delta voltage and at least one of the first and second control currents.

A signal power control loop is provided for a link between a terrestrial station and a terminal when the terminal and a satellite are linked via the terrestrial station. The signal power control loop may control transmitted signal power of the terminal and / or the terrestrial station. In some embodiments, the signal power control loop controls transmitted signal power of the terminal and / or the terrestrial station independent of signal power control for a link between the terrestrial station and the satellite.

A process control system integrates the collection and analysis of process control data used to perform certain computationally expensive process control functions, like adaptive model generation and tuning parameter generation, in the same control device in which one or more of the process control routines are implemented, to thereby provide for faster and more efficient support of the process control routines. This system replaces a layered approach using multiple processing devices by integrating an analytical server which performs computationally expensive analyses used by one or more control routines directly into the real-time control device in which the one or more control routines are located. This integration provides the ability to analyze large quantities of data for multiple process loops controlled by a particular device in a fast and efficient manner.

A method for performing an electrophoretic separation on a microfluidic device includes applying an electric field to electrokinetically move a sample along a channel towards a location. The sample may be concentrated by application of the electric field. The method further comprises optically monitoring the location for at least a portion of the sample. Once the sample is detected, the electric field is automatically changed to further manipulate the sample. The sample may be spatially separated along a separation channel or channel portion. The closed-loop control of electric fields may be performed using a control unit adapted to apply a voltage potential between electrodes and an optical detector such as an LIF detector.

A transmitter includes multiple transmit antennas, a conversion unit configured to generate multiple signal sequences corresponding to a predefined frequency bandwidth from one or more transmission streams associated with any of the transmit antennas, a precoding unit configured to weight the signal sequences with a precoding matrix selected from a codebook including multiple predefined precoding matrices, and a transmitting unit configured to convert an output signal from the precoding unit into a number of signals corresponding to the number of transmit antennas and transmit the converted signals from the transmit antennas. The precoding unit applies distinct precoding matrices to different signal sequences, and an association between the distinct precoding matrices and the different signal sequences is determined through open-loop control being independent of a feedback from a receiver.

The present invention is directed to a system for converting a man-rated fly-by-wire (FBW) aircraft into a remote controlled unmanned airborne vehicle (UAV). The FBW aircraft includes a FBW flight control system (FBW-FCS) configured to control aircraft control surfaces disposed on the aircraft. The system includes a controller coupled to the FBW aircraft. The controller is configured to generate substantially real-time pilot control data from at least one aircraft maneuver command. The real-time pilot control data is generated in accordance with a predetermined control law. The at least one aircraft maneuver command is derived from at least one command telemetry signal received from a remote control system not disposed on the FBW aircraft or from a pre-programmed trajectory. An FBW-FCS interface system is coupled to the controller. The FBW-FCS interface system is configured to convert the substantially real-time pilot control data into substantially real-time simulated FBW-FCS pilot control signals. The substantially real-time simulated FBW-FCS pilot control signals are configured to direct the FBW-FCS such that the FBW aircraft performs in accordance with the at least one aircraft maneuver command.

A closed-loop control method for an electron beam freeform fabrication (EBF3) process includes detecting a feature of interest during the process using a sensor(s), continuously evaluating the feature of interest to determine, in real time, a change occurring therein, and automatically modifying control parameters to control the EBF3 process. An apparatus provides closed-loop control method of the process, and includes an electron gun for generating an electron beam, a wire feeder for feeding a wire toward a substrate, wherein the wire is melted and progressively deposited in layers onto the substrate, a sensor(s), and a host machine. The sensor(s) measure the feature of interest during the process, and the host machine continuously evaluates the feature of interest to determine, in real time, a change occurring therein. The host machine automatically modifies control parameters to the EBF3 apparatus to control the EBF3 process in a closed-loop manner.

An LED driver includes at least two interlocked closed feedback loops. One feedback loop controls the duty cycle of the on / off times of a switch connected in series to the LED string, and the other feedback loop controls the duty cycle of the on / off times of a power switch in the switching power converter that provides a DC voltage applied to the LED string. The LED driver of the present invention achieves fast control of the LED brightness and current sharing among multiple LED strings simultaneously in a power-efficient and cost-efficient manner.

An RF generating system operates with high efficiency to supply RF output power to a plasma load. The RF generating system is capable of modulating the RF output power at frequencies up to the frequency of the RF output power while maintaining high efficiency operation. Broadband frequency modulation of the RF output power suppresses instabilities thereby minimizing unstable behavior of the plasma load.

A low-cost sine-wave drive for a 3-phase permanent magnet synchronous AC machines (PMSM) in open-loop control is based on the measurements of two linear Hall sensors. The two Hall sensors are excited by a magnetic ring with the same pole number as the PMSM rotor magnet and sinusoidal flux distributions. The output signals of the Hall sensors are unified through a two-phase-type phase-lock-loop in order to reduce the impact of the sensor mounting non-uniformity during mass production. The peak torque and speed of motor is simply controlled by adjusting the amplitude of pulse-width-modulation carrier. Smooth torque control is achieved due to sinusoidal 3-phase currents. Such a simple sine-wave drive can be achieved with or without the assistance of a micro-controller unit (MCU). No current sensor is required for the motor phase current detection. This motor can be used in industrial applications where there is no strict requirement on torque response and constant speed control of PMSM machines.

A system architecture for closed loop control of infusion devices is described. The architecture provides means to control the flow from an infusion device as well as in some embodiments the pressure of the delivery. A variety of infusion systems are described that use the closed loop control architecture. In some embodiments the closed loop control may be adapted to current commonly used infusion means such as a gravity feed intravenous system. Other embodiments describe infusion pump system that use biasing or drive mechanisms of springs, elastomers, rotary and linear motors.

An endpoint or other communication device of a communication system includes a clock recovery module. The communication device is operative as a slave device relative to another communication device that is operative as a master device. The clock recovery module comprises a clock recovery loop configured to control a slave clock frequency of the slave device so as to synchronize the slave clock frequency with a master clock frequency of the master device. The clock recovery loop utilizes a frequency error estimator implemented as a maximum-likelihood estimator with slope fitting based on a sequence of arrival timestamps, and a loop filter implemented as a series combination of an adaptive-bandwidth filter and a proportional-integral controller. The clock recovery module may further comprise a discontinuity detector configured to detect a discontinuity in delays of respective timing messages, and a loop controller operative to place the clock recovery loop in a particular state responsive to detection of the discontinuity.

A vertical support rigidly mounted to a planar base positions and supports a cryocooler expander unit off axis and away from a sample to be examined. The sample support is likewise rigidly mounted to the planar base with a rigidly mounted sample housing therein. The cryocooler expander unit is suspended in the vertical support by spring dampening bearings. A pair of opposing flexible vacuum bellows connects the cryocooler expander unit to the sample housing and vertical support. This configuration isolates the sample from vibration. Flexible thermal links associated with an predictive electronic closed loop control sequence maintains sample temperature.

The invention discloses a long-stroke two-dimensional nano worktable system with an angle compensation function. A six-degree-of-freedom micro table designed on the basis of a piezoelectric ceramic actuator and a soft hinge chain carries out comprehensive compensation of linear positioning and angle errors on a long-stroke two-dimensional nano worktable. A driving mode that a stepping motor and a ball screw are combined is adopted, so a long-stroke two-dimensional nano worktable has a large pitching angle, a deflection angle and roll angle errors, and positioning precision is of micron size. The six-degree-of-freedom micro table has nanoscale linear positioning precision and millisecond-level angle positioning precision. The long-stroke two-dimensional nano worktable and the six-degree-of-freedom micro table are combined to form the long-stroke two-dimensional nano worktable system. Under control of a closed-loop control system, the six-degree-of-freedom micro table carries out the comprehensive compensation of the linear positioning errors and the angle errors on the long-stroke two-dimensional nano worktable, so two-dimensional long-stroke nano positioning is achieved.

The invention discloses a current-magnitude-based open-circuit failure online-diagnosis method for a power tube of an inverter, belongs to the field of motor control, and aims to solve the problem of poor robustness of a current-magnitude-based open-circuit failure diagnosis technology for the power tube of the inverter. The method comprises the following steps of establishing a current observer model of a permanent magnet synchronous motor driving system in a failure-free state, comparing an observed current value with detection current to obtain a three-phase current residual, converting the three-phase current residual to a two-phase coordinate system in a coordinate conversion way to obtain a current residual vector, standardizing the current residual vector, and diagnosing and positioning an open-circuit failure of the power tube of the inverter according to the amplitude and the phase of the standardized current residual vector. The current-magnitude-based open-circuit failure online-diagnosis method for the power tube of the inverter is free of influence of a system closed-loop control algorithm and insensitive to loads, and has higher robustness to parameter errors, measurement errors, system disturbance and the like.

The invention discloses a rail transportation train automatic monitoring system based on communication, which comprises on-board equipment and a ground automatic monitoring system. The on-board equipment arranged on the train is used for collecting train information and sending to the ground automatic monitoring system through a wireless network, and is also used for receiving and executing dispatching commands sent by the ground automatic monitoring system. The ground automatic monitoring system is used for receiving the train information from the on-board equipment, interlocking calculating according to the train information to generate dispatching commands and sending the commands to the on-board equipment through the wireless network. The invention realizes the closed loop control to the train through the train-ground bidirectional information transmission, greatly lowers the effect of human error, and raises the system reliability; ATS system real-timely knows various operation parameters of the train such as the position, the speed, etc. thereby improving the operation efficiency and the automation of the system; moving block is realized through wireless communication, thereby facilitating the improvement of traffic density; and the train can timely respond the dispatching and the adjusting commands of the ATS system.

Aspects include methods and apparatuses for effecting change over time in one or more measured regions of a body using a plurality of data sets obtained by analysis of applied signals to said region and effecting a change in treatment protocol. The method may include transmitting and receiving one or more of electromagnetic wave signals, applied acoustic wave signals and electrical signals transmitted through or reflected off of a portion of the measured body region. Some aspects may include determining a change in tissue structure, or a change in tissue content.

The invention pertains to the technical field permanent magnet motors, and relates to a permanent magnet motor sliding mode control strategy. The permanent magnet motor is controlled by adopting double-closed speed current. The permanent magnet motor sliding mode control strategy is characterized in that a sliding mode speed controller and an extended sliding mode observer are adopted in the control strategy, the sliding mode speed controller adopts an exponential approach law containing the speed error and the sliding mode surface information, the deviation between a given rotating speed and a feedback rotating speed is taken as the input quantity, and a q-axis current given value is outputted through the sliding mode control quantity; the extended sliding mode observer is used to estimate the rotor position, the rotating speed and the load torque on a real-time basis, the rotating speed and the rotor position are used to provide the information of speed closed-loop control and coordinate transformation, and the load torque is compensated to the sliding mode speed controller, so that the high-accuracy vector control of the permanent magnet motor can be realized. The control strategy of the invention can be used to make the system fast track a given speed in the dynamic state, reduce the speed overshoot and the current fluctuation, and improve the disturbance resistance performance of the system.