188results about How to "Accurate current" patented technology

The present invention is generally related to image enhancement and augmented reality (“AR”). More specifically, this invention presents a method and an apparatus for static image enhancement and the use of an optical display and sensing technologies to superimpose, in real time, graphical information upon a user's magnified view of the real world.

A battery capacity measuring device in accordance with the present invention has a fully-charged state detector (80e), a detected current integrator (80a), a divider (80b), and a corrector (80c) incorporated in a microcomputer (80). The fully-charged state detector detects that a battery is fully charged. The detected current integrator integrates current values that are detected by a current sensor during a period from the instant the battery is fully charged to the instant it is fully charged next. The divider divides the integrated value of detected current values by the length of the period. The corrector corrects a detected current using the quotient provided by the divider as an offset. Furthermore, a remaining battery capacity calculating system comprises a voltage detecting unit (50), a current detecting unit (40), an index calculating unit, a control unit, and a calculating unit. The voltage detecting unit detects the voltage at the terminals of a battery. The current detecting unit detects a current flowing through the battery. The index calculating unit calculates the index of polarization in the battery according to the detected current. The control unit controls the output voltage of an alternator so that the index of polarization will remain within a predetermined range which permits limitation of the effect of polarization on the charged state of the battery. When the index of polarization remains within the predetermined range, the calculating unit calculates the remaining capacity of the battery according to the terminal voltage of the battery, that is, the open-circuit voltage of the battery.

An LED driver includes at least two interlocked closed feedback loops. One feedback loop controls the duty cycle of the on / off times of a switch connected in series to the LED string, and the other feedback loop controls the duty cycle of the on / off times of a power switch in the switching power converter that provides a DC voltage applied to the LED string. The LED driver of the present invention achieves fast control of the LED brightness and current sharing among multiple LED strings simultaneously in a power-efficient and cost-efficient manner.

Tracking forms allow tracking of the completion status and implemented quality standards of a building construction project. A tracking form is prepared for one or more tasks requiring completion at the construction site. Each task is assigned two components on its tracking form: a quality control indicator form, which contains one or more quality control indicators indicating whether certain quality standards are met; and a completion indicator, which indicates the completion status of a task. The completion status may be a discrete binary value, or may instead be a continuous value. Preferably, the workers performing the tasks complete each task's quality control indicator form and completion indicator during design and construction as milestones relating to the task are completed, or at the end of some predetermined time period. The completion indicators relating to the tasks are logged so that the completion status of the project may be monitored, and the information recorded on the quality control indicator forms may be sampled and checked to verify that construction quality standards are being met.

A power supply for plural loads coupled in parallel comprises a voltage regulator, a plurality of current regulators, and an error control circuit. The voltage regulator provides a common output voltage to the plural loads. The voltage regulator comprises a sensor circuit providing a voltage sense signal corresponding to the output voltage, which provides feedback to regulate the output voltage at a selected level. The plurality of current regulators are coupled to respective ones of the plural loads. Each of the plurality of current regulators regulates current drawn by respective ones of the plural loads to within a desired regulation range. The plurality of current regulators each further provide a respective error signal corresponding to an ability to remain within the desired regulation range. The error control circuit is operatively coupled to the voltage regulator and to the plurality of current regulators. The error control circuit receives the error signals from the plurality of current regulators and provides a common error signal to the voltage regulator. The voltage regulator thereby changes the selected level of the output voltage in response to the common error signal. Accordingly, the selected level of the output voltage remains at a minimum voltage necessary to keep the plural loads in the desired regulation range.

A plurality of single-phase synchronizing converter automatically synchronize on a peer-to-peer basis. Each synchronizing converter is configured as a DC-to-DC converter. The synchronizing converters operate in parallel as a multi-phase converter. A common bus between the synchronizing converters includes a sync line and a common phase control line. Proper phasing automatically occurs when power is applied, and the phasing changes automatically as converters are added or removed. When the system powers up, the converters arbitrate for phase position. The phasing positions are random, but the phasing is relatively symmetrical regardless of the number of phases. In one embodiment, a hot-swappable converter module can be plugged into any location of a parallel multiphase bus to produce a common output voltage. When an additional module is plugged in, the converters readjust their phases to maintain phase symmetry. In one embodiment, each module shares a substantially equal portion of the output load.

A current sensor includes a busbar, a case, a connector, and a bare chip having a current detection circuit. The busbar has a crimp terminal at one end, a ring terminal at the other end, and a shunt resistor welded between the crimp and ring terminals. The shunt resistor is encapsulated in the case, and the busbar has an electrode exposed to a sealed inner room of the case. The connector has a connector body unitary with the case and has a connector terminal that is exposed to the inner room at one end and exposed to an outside of the connector body at the other end. The bare chip is arranged in the inner room of the case and wire-bonded to each of the busbar and the connector terminal.

Disclosed is a multi-phase power regulator that accurately senses current at a load in a lossless manner and adjusts the power supplied to the load based on the sensed current. Also disclosed is a method of calibrating a multiphase voltage regulator by applying a known calibration current at the load and determining actual current values by the difference in measured values between when the known calibration current is applied and when it is not applied. The accurate current is determined at a known temperature and accurate temperature compensation is provided by a non-linear digital technique. Each phase of the multi-phase power regulator is individually calibrated so that balanced channels provide accurate power to the load. Also disclosed is a calibration method with minimal noise generation.

An improved decorative light string circuit comprises full bridge rectification located in or downstream of the front plug, wherein the rectification circuit contains one or more voltage reducing and / or filtering elements in order to reduce or limit LED drive current and reduce (filter) DC ripple and 1 or 2 LED series sets. Additional rectification circuits and LED series sets can be added in parallel to the first in “stacked mode”, with each rectification circuit and LED series set electrically independent of prior and subsequent circuits. This eliminates the rectifying diode current summation load restrictions imposed by prior art and associated safety hazard due to diode overheating.

A power supply for plural loads coupled in parallel comprises a voltage regulator, a plurality of current regulators, and an error control circuit. The voltage regulator provides a common output voltage to the plural loads. The voltage regulator comprises a sensor circuit providing a voltage sense signal corresponding to the output voltage, which provides feedback to regulate the output voltage at a selected level. The plurality of current regulators are coupled to respective ones of the plural loads. Each of the plurality of current regulators regulates current drawn by respective ones of the plural loads to within a desired regulation range. The plurality of current regulators each further provide a respective error signal corresponding to an ability to remain within the desired regulation range. The error control circuit is operatively coupled to the voltage regulator and to the plurality of current regulators. The error control circuit receives the error signals from the plurality of current regulators and provides a common error signal to the voltage regulator. The voltage regulator thereby changes the selected level of the output voltage in response to the common error signal. Accordingly, the selected level of the output voltage remains at a minimum voltage necessary to keep the plural loads in the desired regulation range.

The invention relates to an SOC estimation method for a series-wound battery pack having an equalization circuit. According to the estimation method, adaptive extended Kalman filtering SOC estimation is carried out on the single batteries with the lowest voltage or the highest voltage in the charge-discharge stage so as to obtain the SOC of the series-wound battery pack. For eliminating influence on the measurement signal from noise, and for analyzing the unstable and sharply-changed voltage and current signals, wavelet transform is performed before the implementation of the adaptive extended Kalman filtering so as to realize denoising and analyzing of the signal; and the condition that the curves of the battery parameters and the open circuit voltage-state of charge (OCV-SOC) are changed along with the changes of temperatures and the changes of the SOC is taken into consideration. By adoption of the estimation method, online updating of the parameters can be performed, so that the SOC estimation precision can be improved; the SOC of the battery pack can be accurately estimated under the premise of ensuring the safety operation of the series-wound battery pack; therefore, the estimation method is applicable to active equalization and passive equalization; and meanwhile, by adoption of the estimation method, the influence from noise can be effectively eliminated, and the voltage and current signals can be effectively analyzed.

A linear light-emitting diode (LED)-based solid-state universal lamp using an all-in-one LED driving circuit with a power factor correction (PFC) and control device operates normally for a regulated power and current from either electronic ballast or AC mains. The all-in-one LED driving circuit is configured to operate in a wide range of input voltages and frequencies, especially for various high voltages and high frequencies associated with various electronic ballasts. With a cycle-by-cycle current control and power switching at a constant on-time and varied off-time, an over-rated surge current is limited, preventing occasional fire hazards occurred in the ballast. When two shock protection switches are used in two lamp bases in the lamp, the universal lamp fully protects a person from possible electric shock during initial installation and re-lamping.

An LED driver includes at least two interlocked closed feedback loops. One feedback loop controls the duty cycle of the on / off times of a switch connected in series to the LED string, and the other feedback loop controls the duty cycle of the on / off times of a power switch in the switching power converter that provides a DC voltage applied to the LED string. The LED driver of the present invention achieves fast control of the LED brightness and current sharing among multiple LED strings simultaneously in a power-efficient and cost-efficient manner.

A laser driving unit drives a semiconductor laser apparatus including a plurality of light sources, includes a light detecting part to detect light emissions from the light sources, a driving current generator to generate a driving current based on an input signal, an auxiliary driving current generator to generate an auxiliary driving current in an initial time period of an ON-time of the driving current, and an auxiliary current set part to set an auxiliary amount of the auxiliary driving current to be added to the driving current, for each of the light sources, based on a difference between the light emissions detected by the light detecting part and a target light emission of the light sources.

Examples of systems and methods to provide estimates of dark current for pixels of a photosensor as a function of the temperature of the sensor and the gain applied to the photosensor are described. In various implementations, the dark current estimated for each pixel can depend at least partly on a global scale factor and a global bias that depend on temperature and gain and a temperature-independent and gain-independent offset value for each pixel. The scale, bias, and offsets may be determined from multiple dark field images taken by the sensor over a range of operating temperatures. In some cases, the scale and bias can be determined using a subset of less than all the image pixels. Scale and bias derived for a particular sensor can be used in the calibration of different sensors.

An organic light-emitting display devices includes a display panel having first and second pixel groups, each group including first, second, and third pixels which emit light of different colors and a current measurement unit having a plurality of current measurement channels connected to the first and second pixel groups by data lines, wherein each of the current measurement channels includes a first measurement circuit connected to one of the first, second, and third pixels in the first pixel group and measures current characteristics of the connected one of the pixels and a second measurement circuit which measures current characteristics of one of the first, second, and third pixels, in the second pixel group, which emits light of the same color as that of light emitted from the one of the pixels connected to the first measurement circuit.

Voltage-activated and accurate current sink, and method of providing same. In one aspect, a circuit for accurately sinking current includes a zener diode coupled to a power source at the cathode of the zener diode, and first and second transistors, where the first transistor has its collector coupled to the power source and its base coupled to the cathode of the zener diode, and the second transistor has its base coupled to the anode of the zener diode and its emitter coupled to ground. A resistor is coupled between the emitter of the first transistor and the collector of the second transistor.

Embodiments of the present invention relate to methods, systems and apparatus for controlling operation of a multi-phase machine in a vector controlled motor drive system when the multi-phase machine operates in an overmodulation region. The disclosed embodiments provide a mechanism for adjusting a duty cycle of PWM waveforms so that the correct phase voltage command signals are applied at the angle transitions. This can reduce variations / errors in the phase voltage command signals applied to the multi-phase machine so that phase current may be properly regulated thus reducing current / torque oscillation, which can in turn improve machine efficiency and performance, as well as utilization of the DC voltage source.

A nonvolatile semiconductor memory device comprises a memory cell array which includes memory cells and reference cells, the reference cells including a first reference cell and a second reference cell. A data judging control unit generates an average reference current based on a first reference current from the first reference cell and a second reference current from the second reference cell, and determines data of each of the memory cells by comparison of a read-out current of each memory cell with the average reference current. A control unit performs a program verification operation to each memory cell. A compensation current supplying unit supplies a compensation current to a bit line of a target memory cell when a leak current of a neighboring memory cell adjacent to the target memory cell exceeds a predetermined reference value during the program verification operation.

A multi chip module having a current sensing circuit and a semiconductor half bridge configuration having two vertically stacked field effect transistor dies that are connected by horizontally extending tap clips at respective opposite sides of their channels, wherein the current sensing circuit is coupled to two checkpoints, at least one being located on one of the tap clips so as to measure a voltage drop over a predetermined portion of the tap clip acting as a shunt resistor for sensing a current that is provided to a switching node of the half bridge configuration.

A current sensor includes a busbar, a case, a connector, and a bare chip having a current detection circuit. The busbar has a crimp terminal at one end, a ring terminal at the other end, and a shunt resistor welded between the crimp and ring terminals. The shunt resistor is encapsulated in the case, and the busbar has an electrode exposed to a sealed inner room of the case. The connector has a connector body unitary with the case and has a connector terminal that is exposed to the inner room at one end and exposed to an outside of the connector body at the other end. The bare chip is arranged in the inner room of the case and wire-bonded to each of the busbar and the connector terminal.

An organic light-emitting display includes: a display panel including first and second pixels, each having an organic light-emitting diode; and a data driver including a first operational amplifier having a non-inverting terminal coupled to a reference voltage terminal and an inverting terminal coupled to the first pixel, and a second operational amplifier having a non-inverting terminal coupled to the reference voltage terminal and an inverting terminal coupled to the second pixel. The first pixel includes a sensing transistor, a first driving transistor, and a first switch transistor. The second pixel includes a second driving transistor and a second switch transistor.

Voltage-activated and accurate current sink, and method of providing same. In one aspect, a circuit for accurately sinking current includes a zener diode coupled to a power source at the cathode of the zener diode, and first and second transistors, where the first transistor has its collector coupled to the power source and its base coupled to the cathode of the zener diode, and the second transistor has its base coupled to the anode of the zener diode and its emitter coupled to ground. A resistor is coupled between the emitter of the first transistor and the collector of the second transistor.

An improved decorative light string circuit comprises full bridge rectification located in or downstream of the front plug, wherein the rectification circuit contains one or more voltage reducing and / or filtering elements in order to reduce or limit LED drive current and reduce (filter) DC ripple and 1 or 2 LED series sets. Additional rectification circuits and LED series sets can be added in parallel to the first in “stacked mode”, with each rectification circuit and LED series set electrically independent of prior and subsequent circuits. This eliminates the rectifying diode current summation load restrictions imposed by prior art and associated safety hazard due to diode overheating.

A lithographic apparatus includes an illumination system to condition a radiation beam. A patterning support holds a patterning device that imparts the radiation beam with a pattern to form a patterned radiation beam. A substrate support holds a substrate. A projection system projects the patterned radiation beam onto the substrate. A positioning system positions the patterning support and the substrate support. The positioning system has a motor with a stator and a mover coupled to a support, and an associated motor control system with a controller providing an output for controlling currents applied to the motor. The motor control system determines a controller output required to compensate for a weight of mover and associated support, determines a deviation of this output from an output required to compensate the gravity force acting on the mover and associated support, and corrects the currents applied to the motor based on the deviation.

A semiconductor device in which a transistor can supply an accurate current to a load (EL pixel and signal line) without being influenced by variations is provided. A voltage at each terminal of a transistor is adjusted by a feedback circuit using an amplifier circuit. A current Idata is input from a current source circuit to the transistor, and a gate-source voltage is set by the feedback circuit so that the transistor can flow the current Idata. The feedback circuit controls the transistor to operate in a saturation region. Thus, a gate voltage required for flowing the current Idata is set. With the use of the set transistor, a current can be supplied to a load (EL pixel and signal line) with accuracy. Note that a desired gate voltage can be set quickly since the amplifier circuit is utilized.

A semiconductor device is provided in which a transistor which supplies a current to a load (an EL pixel and a signal line) can supply an accurate current without being affected by a variation. A voltage of each terminal of a transistor is controlled by using a feedback circuit using an amplifier circuit. A current Idata is inputted from a current source circuit to a transistor and a gate-source voltage (a source potential) required for the transistor to flow the current Idata is set by using the feedback circuit. The feedback circuit is controlled to operate so that a drain potential of the transistor becomes a predetermined potential. Then, a gate voltage required to flow the current Idata is set. By using the set transistor, an accurate current can be supplied to the load (an EL element and a signal line). As a drain potential can be controlled, the kink effect can be reduced.

A light-emitting element drive circuit capable of controlling the drive current of a light-emitting element in consideration of changes in a threshold value of the light-emitting element. A laser diode 1 emits light in accordance with a bias current Ib of a bias current drive circuit 2 and a light-emitting current Ip of a data current drive circuit 3. A photodiode 4 outputs a monitor current Im that corresponds to the optical output of the laser diode 1. A bias current feedback circuit 8 detects a change in the threshold current in accordance with the current Im, and outputs a control signal CS1. The bias current drive circuit 2 generates a bias current Ib that corresponds to the threshold current Ith of the laser diode 1 after the change. A light-emitting current feedback circuit 9 detects a change in the optical output of the laser diode 1 in accordance with the current Im, and outputs a controls signal CS2. The data current drive circuit 3 generates a light-emitting current Ip relative to a pre-determined optical output of the laser diode 1 in accordance with the control signal CS2.