The invention relates to an adaptive PAM4 decision feedback equalization circuit, which comprises a decision feedback equalization main circuit and an adaptive circuit, and is characterized in that the main circuit comprises an adder, a first decision device, a second decision device, a third decision device, a first delay unit group, a second delay unit group, a third delay unit group, a decoder and a DSP coefficient table; and the self-adaptive circuit comprises an eye pattern monitoring module and a self-adaptive module, wherein the self-adaptive module comprises a comparison unit, a delay unit and a coefficient regulation and control unit. According to the invention, the DSP technology replaces a multiplier and an adder in a decision feedback equalization feedback loop, the design of a front-end circuit ADC is omitted, the power consumption is effectively reduced, and the influence of ADC quantization noise on signals is avoided. Meanwhile, automatic updating of coefficients is achieved through eye pattern monitoring and a self-adaptive algorithm, and the application scene of decision feedback balance is widened.