396 results about "Integral controller" patented technology

A system and a method provide a photovoltaic system which regenerates the output characteristics of the photovoltaic at different ambient condition with high precision under all environmental conditions. The photovoltaic system includes a photovoltaic array, a buck / boost converter, a DC link capacitor to connect the buck / booster converter to a load / inverter, an adaptive network-based fuzzy inference maximum power point tracking controller, a voltage control loop, a proportional integral controller to maintain the output voltage of the photovoltaic array to the reference voltage by adjusting the duty ratio of buck / boost converter.

A motor control device capable of suitably inhibiting the pulsating torque of an alternating-current motor is provided. The motor control device comprises an axis error inference machine (30) which infers an axis error based on a current value of an inverter, detected by a current sensor (2); a Fourier rectification machine (316a) which extracts an axis error vector from the time-base changes of the axis error; an integral control machine (316b) additionally provided with a circular amplitude limiter, which is used to calculate a correction current vector for offsetting the pulsating torque, wherein a circle with a set amplitude limiting value serving as the radius is used as the base for limiting the movement of the correction current vector, and the integral control machine (316b) additionally provided with the circular amplitude limiter performs the circular amplitude limiting for limiting the movement of the correction current vector so as to enable the deflection angle of the correction current vector to be close to the deflection angle of the axis error vector.

An endpoint or other communication device of a communication system includes a clock recovery module. The communication device is operative as a slave device relative to another communication device that is operative as a master device. The clock recovery module comprises a clock recovery loop configured to control a slave clock frequency of the slave device so as to synchronize the slave clock frequency with a master clock frequency of the master device. The clock recovery loop utilizes a frequency error estimator implemented as a maximum-likelihood estimator with slope fitting based on a sequence of arrival timestamps, and a loop filter implemented as a series combination of an adaptive-bandwidth filter and a proportional-integral controller. The clock recovery module may further comprise a discontinuity detector configured to detect a discontinuity in delays of respective timing messages, and a loop controller operative to place the clock recovery loop in a particular state responsive to detection of the discontinuity.

Method and apparatus for the treatment of cardiac failure, Cheyne Stokes breathing or central sleep apnea are disclosed. A subject is provided with ventilatory support, for example positive pressure ventilatory support using a blower and mask. Respiratory airflow is determined. From the respiratory airflow are derived a measure of instantaneous ventilation (for example half the absolute value of the respiratory airflow) and a measure of longterm average ventilation (for example the instantaneous ventilation low pass filtered with a 100 second time constant). A target ventilation is taken as 95% of the longterm average ventilation. The instantaneous ventilation is fed as the input signal to a clipped integral controller, with the target ventilation as the reference signal. The output of the controller determines the degree of ventilatory support. Clipping is typically to between half and double the degree of support that would do all the respiratory work. A third measure of ventilation, for example instantaneous ventilation low pass filtered with a time constant of 5 seconds, is calculated. Ventilatory support is in phase with the subject's respiratory airflow to the fuzzy extent that this ventilation is above target, and at a preset rate conversely.

A remotely adjustable lighting device configured to an operational mode customized for the geographic location of the device. The lighting device is powered by a battery provided with solar charging. The lighting device, under control of an integral controller, is turned off and on for an illumination period as a function of both local sunrise and sunset times determined by a combination of time and date information and GPS positioning. The luminosity of the lighting device is autonomously controlled as a function of battery charge and the determined required illumination period. The solar charging system is oriented by the controller to optimize its energy collection by periodical adjustments.

Method and apparatus for the treatment of cardiac failure, Cheyne Stokes breathing or central sleep apnea are disclosed. A subject is provided with ventilatory support, for example positive pressure ventilatory support using a blower and mask. Respiratory airflow is determined. From the respiratory airflow are derived a measure of instantaneous ventilation (for example half the absolute value of the respiratory airflow) and a measure of longterm average ventilation (for example the instantaneous ventilation low pass filtered with a 100 second time constant). A target ventilation is taken as 95% of the longterm average ventilation. The instantaneous ventilation is fed as the input signal to a clipped integral controller, with the target ventilation as the reference signal. The output of the controller determines the degree of ventilatory support. Clipping is typically to between half and double the degree of support that would do all the respirator work. A third measure of ventilation, for example instantaneous ventilation low pass filtered with a time constant of 5 seconds, is calculated. Ventilatory support is in phase with the subject's respiratory airflow to the fuzzy extent that this ventilation is above target, and at a preset rate conversely.

A portable active fluid-powered ankle foot orthosis. A lower leg mount and a foot bed are pivotally coupled at or proximate to an ankle position. A fluid powered rotary actuator is configured to receive power from a wearable fluid power source and provide controlled force and resistance to aid or inhibit relative rotation of the foot bed and the lower leg mount. An integral controller is provided for receiving data from sensors and controlling the fluid powered rotary actuator to actively assist gait of a user.

A DC motor having a motor housing and a motor controller housed within the motor housing. In a preferred embodiment the heat producing components of the motor controller are in thermal communication with the housing such that the majority of the heat produced by such components will be readily conducted to the environment in which the motor is operating. When incorporated into a trolling motor, the motor housing of the present invention will be submerged so that controller produced heat will be dissipated into the water in which the trolling motor is operated.

What is disclosed is an image processing method to reduce streaking on a printed sheet. The method uses a negative feedback system to reduce streaking. The feedback system consists of a scanner that scans a printed sheet corrected with an error signal. The error signal is obtained from the scanned image of a previous print off the same printer and the desired output. There are a number of error signals in different positions across the process direction which adjust TRC values. The present invention makes use of a spatial filter representing the spatial frequency sensitivity of the human eye such that only differences (errors) of importance in need of correction are those which can be seen by the human eye. More specifically, a spatially distributed controller is utilized to improve sensitivity to measurement and printer noise. The printer adjusts the incoming bitmap so that each column in the image gives the same response for the same gray level. The printer sacrifices the uniformity of the responses at low and high frequencies where the eye is not responsive so that it can achieve better control at mid-frequencies where the eye is more responsive. At each iteration and for a fixed desired gray-level, the controller processes differences between desired output gray-levels and the values of the gray-levels obtained on the printed output image. A spatial filter is used to emphasize ranges of spatial frequencies critical for a human observer. Then, from these filtered differences (errors), TRC corrections to be applied to the output image are computed using simple scalar integral controllers. Advantageously, since the present invention compensates for defects introduced by lower quality components in a printer, printers can be less tightly specified.

A control system includes a field oriented controller that receives a torque command and that generates phase voltages for an electric machine. A first transformation module receives stator terminal currents and generates d-axis and q-axis stationary frame currents. An open loop flux observer receives d-axis and q-axis stationary frame voltage commands and the d and q-axis stationary frame currents. The open loop flux observer includes a vector cross product calculator that generates an error signal that is proportional to an angular difference between an estimated stator flux and a computed stator flux and a proportional integral controller that generates an estimated rotor angular position based on the error signal. A second transformation module receives the d-axis and q-axis stationary frame currents and the estimated rotor angular position and generates d-axis and q-axis synchronous reference frame feedback currents that are output to the field oriented controller.

The invention discloses a ramp parking control method and system of an electric vehicle and the electric vehicle with the system. The method comprises the steps that when the electric vehicle is started and stopped at a ramp, a vehicle controller collects various signals of the electric vehicle, generates various instructions according to the collected signals and sends the instructions to a motor controller; the motor controller collects various information of a motor and estimates output torque needed by the motor when the electric vehicle is parked at the ramp according to the collected information; the motor controller judges whether the motor meets the condition of entering a zero-rotating speed control mode or not according to the instructions sent by the vehicle controller and the current state of the motor; if yes, the motor controller takes the estimated torque as an initial output torque command; torque needed by the motor when the electric vehicle is parked at the ramp is regulated through a proportional integral controller, and according to commanded torque, the motor is controlled to perform torque output, and the rotating speed of the motor is regulated to zero. According to the method, the vehicle ramp starting and stopping safety and the driving comfort can be improved.

A remotely adjustable lighting device configured to an operational mode customized for the geographic location of the device. The lighting device is powered by a battery provided with solar charging. The lighting device, under control of an integral controller, is turned off and on for an illumination period as a function of both local sunrise and sunset times determined by a combination of time and date information and GPS positioning. The luminosity of the lighting device is autonomously controlled as a function of battery charge and the determined required illumination period. The solar charging system is oriented by the controller to optimize its energy collection by periodical adjustments.

The invention relates to the field of control of electric automobiles, and discloses an integral controller of an electric automobile. The integral controller is connected with a safety controller through an integral CAN (controller area network) bus, and comprises a main processor and a slave processor, wherein communication connection is established between the main processor and the slave processor through an SPI (single program initiation) bus and a PWM (pulse width modulation) signal, the slave processor is used for monitoring the main processor, the main processor and the slave processor are used for respectively receiving an accelerator pedal signal, a brake pedal signal, a vehicle-mounted power source signal and / or a temperature sampling signal, the main processor is provided with a main CAN channel, the slave processor is provided with a slave CAN channel and a channel shifting switch, and the channel shifting switch is used for shifting the connection of the integral CAN bus and the main CAN channel or the slave CAN channel. When the main processor fails, the slave processor is used for shifting the integral CAN bus to the slave processor, and the slave processor can replace the main processor for work, so the safety class of the integral controller of the electric automobile is improved through the setting of double processors.

A density observer for estimating an actual density of a material comprises a proportional integral controller responsive to a density error determined by subtracting a feedback estimated density from a sensed density. A method of estimating a density of a material comprises determining a sensed density of the material, determining an estimated density of the material, determining a density error by subtracting the estimated density of the material from the sensed density of the material, and iteratively redetermining the estimated density based on the density error.

The invention discloses a method for realizing a network access current of a unity power factor of a grid-connected inverter and internal anti-islanding, which belongs to control technology of inverters. The method comprises the following steps: phase difference detection, frequency droop calculation, reference current generation, grid voltage feed-forward and a proportional integral controller. A frequency droop algorithm comprises the following steps: performing real-time calculation on a phase difference between the network access current and a grid voltage; multiplying the phase difference by a droop coefficient to obtain a frequency variable quantity; and subtracting the frequency variable quantity from a previous frequency output quantity of the last frequency droop algorithm so as to obtain an output quantity of a new frequency droop algorithm. The method realizes phase control of the network access current of the grid-connected inverter, realizes the network access current of the unity power factor, and internally realizes an anti-islanding measure of frequency drift positive feedback of the grid-connected inverter at the same time. Therefore, the method is of a simple and effective realizing mode.

A density observer for estimating an actual density of a material with a proportional integral controller responsive to a density error determined by subtracting a feedback estimated density from a sensed density. A method of estimating a density of a material by determining a sensed density of the material, determining an estimated density of the material, determining a density error by subtracting the estimated density of the material from the sensed density of the material, and iteratively redetermining the estimated density based on the density error.

The present invention discloses an adjustable advanced observation device. The device comprises a subtractor, a high-gain proportion-integral controller, an inertia combination filter, a first-order inertia filter, a first proportion unit, a second proportion unit and an addition unit. The adjustable advanced observation device can solve the technical problems that a current low-order observationdevice is low in efficiency, namely low in the advanced phase peak, and low in the ratio of the advanced phase peak and the gain peak.

The invention provides an advanced observation method and device. Advanced observation measured time, inertia combination filters, high gain ratio-integral controllers, 1-order inertia filters and a subtraction unit are arranged. An input signal accesses a subtracted input end of the subtraction unit, and the input signal is a process signal requiring advanced observation. An output end of the subtraction unit is connected to the input end of each high gain ratio-integral controller. The output end of each high gain ratio-integral controller is connected to the input end of each inertial combination filter. The output end of each inertial combination filter is connected to a subtraction input end of the subtraction unit, and the output end of each high gain ratio-integral controller is connected to the input end of each 1-order inertial filter. Advanced observation output of the input signal is acquired on the output end of each 1-order inertial filter. An advanced phase peak value ishigh and a ratio of the advanced phase peak value and a gain peak value is high too.

An apparatus and method is provided for tuning a controller parameter of a PIV controller with a position, velocity and / or integral controller element for a control path of a drive in an electroerosion apparatus, with the help of a fuzzy controller, wherein for the purpose of tuning, a preset control input distribution, such as a time-dependent distribution of the position of the drive, is provided to the PIV controller as input variable and wherein an input variable of the fuzzy controller is derived from the control variable of the controller. Additional input variables of the fuzzy controller are derived from a controller output of the PIV controller.

The invention relates to a cracking furnace exit temperature hybrid control method which aims at solving the problems that the existing method has poor control effect and can not meet the requirements for energy conservation, emission reduction and environment protection. The method provided by the invention comprises the following steps: firstly, designing a proportional integral controller of a cracking furnace exit temperature process by using a typical response curve method; then, establishing a process model required by a non-minimum model prediction function controller based on cracking furnace exit temperature real-time process data; and finally, designing a proportional integral controller of a non-minimum model prediction function, and obtaining current control parameter values in accordance with an objective function. In the method provided by the invention, the error between cracking furnace exit temperature process parameters and practical cracking furnace exit temperature process parameters can be effectively reduced, the defects of the traditional controller is further made up and the control device is ensured to be in the optimal operation state, thereby strictly controlling the cracking furnace exit temperature process parameters in the production process.

The invention discloses a method for controlling vibration of a flexible manipulator based on a vibration observer. The method comprises the following steps: 1, establishing a mathematic model of a flexible manipulator system and acquiring model information of the system; 2, designing the vibration observer; 3, designing a state feedback integral controller; 4, adjusting control parameters according to the combined simulation effect; 5, ending the design. When the residual vibration of the tail end of the flexible manipulator is tested and controlled, a vibration signal of the tail end of the flexible manipulator can be obtained without using a sensor in an existing method, the system structure is simplified, and the cost is saved. The state feedback controller with an integral is used at the same time, and unbiased tracked and specified input can be achieved while the dynamic characteristics of the system are effectively adjusted.

A flash memory module includes an integral indicator light. The module alternatively includes a plurality electrical contacts which electrically interface to a host digital device. The module includes a plurality of flash memory cells. The cells are controlled by an integral controller. The indicator light is controlled by the controller. The indicator light indicates whether the flash memory module is being accessed. Alternatively, the indicator light indicates that the flash memory module should be replaced. A housing for the module is preferably light transmissive material, and preferably a transparent plastic. A proximal end of the module includes the electrical contacts and is inserted into the host. The indicator light is preferably a surface mount LED and is positioned adjacent the distal end of the flash memory module to be seen through the transparent plastic. Alternatively, the controller generates an electronic signal which is coupled to the host.

The invention discloses a control system for restraining three-phase output voltage of an uninterruptible power supply (UPS) from disequilibrium and harmonic wave. Imbalance output voltage is decomposed to be a positive-sequence component, a negative-sequence component and a zero-sequence component, which pass three groups of PI controllers; the first group of PI controllers primarily controls the output voltage by a proportional controller P under Clarke coordinate to calculate margin of error; the second group of PI controllers adjusts the positive-sequence component by an integral controller I in a positive rotary coordinate system; and the third group of PI controllers restrains the negative sequence by an integral controller in a contra-rotation coordinate system; if the negative sequence is restrained 5 times and the harmonic wave is restrained 7 times, PI control is respectively carried in a reverse 5 times based wave angular velocity rotary coordinate system and a forward 7 times based wave angular velocity rotary coordinate system. Three-phase balance output voltage can be acquired after summing up the output of the five groups of PI controllers, and carrying out the space vector modulation, thus harmonic distortion is greatly reduced.

The invention discloses an adaptive inverse control system for a chemical-mechanical polishing machine, which comprises a target pressure input device used for inputting target pressure of a polishing head chamber to a compound control device, a neural network identification device used for identifying a control model of a system based on the input pressure of the polishing head chamber input by the compound control device and the pressure output by the polishing head chamber, and the compound control device used for outputting the input pressure of the polishing head chamber based on the target pressure, the pressure output by the polishing head chamber and the control model. Each compound control unit comprises a neural network controller used for calculating neural network controlled quantity, a proportional integral controller used for generating proportional integral controlled quantity and a weighting device used for generating the input pressure of the polishing head chamber for the neural network controlled quantity and the proportional integral controlled quantity with the subsection variable-parameter control strategy. The adaptive inverse control system for the chemical-mechanical polishing machine is capable of reducing coupling among areas of the polishing head chamber through dynamic on-line decoupling of neurons.

The invention discloses a phase-locked loop applicable to power grid voltage unbalance and distortion states, and belongs to the related technical fields of power grid voltage phase signal detection and power grid load harmonic current extraction. The phase-locked loop provided by the invention aims to solve the problem as follows: the conventional synchronous rotating reference frame based three-phase digital phase-locked loop cannot accurately detect the phase value of the three-phase voltage fundamental wave positive-sequence component under power grid voltage unbalance and distortion states; consequently, the precision of a related harmonic current extraction algorithm is lowered, and the compensation effect of a harmonic compensation apparatus is weakened. The phase-locked loop provided by the invention improves the conventional three-phase digital phase-locked loop, and a repetition controller is introduced; the repetition controller is connected with a proportional integral controller in parallel to form a new controller, so that the excellent steady-state performance of the repetition controller is combined with the excellent dynamic performance of the proportional integral controller; and therefore, the phase-locked loop has the advantages of high dynamic response, high detection precision and the like. The phase-locked loop is mainly applied to voltage phase detection under power grid voltage unbalance and distortion states.

A capnograph system sensor head includes an airway adapter, a housing for receiving the airway adapter, a source of infrared radiation coupled to the housing for directing infrared radiation through the airway adapter, and a detector subsystem coupled to the housing and responsive to the infrared radiation after it passes through the airway adapter for providing an analog output. A circuit sub-assembly is integrated with the sensor head and includes a controller responsive to the analog output of the detector subsystem. The controller is configured to adjust the gain of the detector subsystem to output a digital signal representative of the amount of a particular gas flowing through the airway adapter.

An embodiment of the invention provides a method for implementing shifting impact of an electric vehicle and a shifting control device. The method includes enabling an integral controller of the electric vehicle to judge whether a clutch of the electric vehicle is switched off or the electric vehicle is in a neutral state, and then determining target rotational speed values of a motor according to the opening of an accelerator pedal of the electric vehicle; enabling the integral controller to transmit motor rotational speed instructions to a motor controller, and enabling the motor controller to adjust the rotational speeds of the motor according to the rotational speed values in the motor rotational speed instructions; representing the shifting impact by sudden change of the speeds of transmission shafts on two sides of the clutch when the clutch of the electric vehicle is switched on and then the rotational speeds of the motor are not matched with the current vehicle speeds of the electric vehicle. The rotational speed values are carried in the motor rotational speed instructions. The method and the shifting control device have the advantages that change trend of the rotational speeds of an engine is simulated, so that real shifting sensation of the electric vehicle can be created according to torque output of the motor in speed modes; change of the rotational speeds of the motor is intensified along with increase of the matching difference between the rotational speeds of the motor and the vehicle speeds during shifting, and accordingly the shifting impact of the electric vehicle can be effectively implemented.

The invention relates to feed forward and feedback adjustment of motor torque during clutch engagement. A hybrid electric vehicle having a motor and an engine that are selectively connected on a driveline and controlled by a controller. The controller is configured to schedule additional motor torque to compensate for engine inertia drag based upon a clutch pressure value and a clutch slip speed value during a period of clutch engagement. The controller is also configured to maintain vehicle acceleration using a proportional integral controller to adjust the motor torque during a period of clutch engagement.

The invention relates to a multi-phase induction motor-specific subharmonic current suppression method, which includes the following steps: (A) current reference value processing; (B) current feedback value processing; (C) current regulation; (D) voltage reference value determination. Based on the vector control of a multi-phase induction motor, the method maps the current of the multi-phase motor into a corresponding synchronous rotating reference frame of a fundamental wave and each subharmonic orthogonal to each other by multiple synchronous rotating coordinate transformations, and uses proportional-integral controllers to respectively carry out tracking with zero steady-state error and combine to form an integral current controller. The method has the advantages that trapezoidal integration is adopted to increase integral accuracy, and supplemented by variable structure control, appropriate self-adaptive compensation is introduced to resist control saturation, so that static and dynamic performance is further enhanced; the method can suppress motor loss caused by the harmful subharmonic current of the multi-phase motor and the adverse affection of torque ripple, vibration noise and the like, and can utilize the positive effect of usable subharmonic; the method takes full advantage of the multi-phase motor, and enhances system performance.