The invention discloses an image scene classification method based on target and space relationship characteristics and relates to image scene classification technologies. The method comprises the steps of: defining a space relationship histogram, conducting representation on the space relationship between targets, comprising left, right, top, bottom, far, near, including and excluding, and giving a calculation method; labeling a target in a sample image, assigning the membership degree of the space relationship between any two targets, counting mathematical features of the membership degree of the space relationship between any two targets in the scene, classifying the space relationship histogram between the targets by using a fuzzy K neighbor classifier according to test images, and calculating the membership degree of the space relationship; establishing an image model by employing a probability latent semantic analysis model of the space relationship characteristics between fusion themes; and classifying the scene images by using a support vector machine. According to the method, the image is modeled by employing the probability latent semantic analysis model of the space relationship characteristics between fusion themes, and the scene images are classified through input of the support vector machine.