The invention relates to a two-stage scheduling method of parallel test tasks facing a spacecraft automation test, which belongs to the field of parallel tests. The method comprises the following stages: in the first stage, the test tasks, task instructions and tested parameters are analyzed and determined, a constraint relation between the tasks is defined, a time sequence constraint matrix and a parameter competitive relation matrix are established, the tasks and the constraint relation between the tasks are changed into undirected graphs, a parallel task scheduling problem is changed into a minimum coloring problem in the sequence of the tops of the graphs, a method based on the combination of a particle swarm and simulated annealing is used for solving, and then a test task group with the maximal degree of parallelism is obtained; in the second stage, the obtained test task group with the maximal degree of parallelism is distributed on limited test equipment, and then an optimal scheduling scheme is obtained. According to the two-stage scheduling method, the constraint relation among a plurality of test tasks is quickly established, the independence between the test tasks is analyzed, the degree of parallelism of the test tasks is increased, the optimal scheduling of the tasks on the equipment is realized when constraint conditions are satisfied, and the test efficiency is improved.