The invention discloses a scheme of a spacecraft navigation based on an X pulsar detection equivalent device. The scheme mainly comprises the following processes of simulating X pulsar emitting photon information detected by an X pulsar detector, and resolving a spacecraft position and speed navigation information. The overall simulation process is divided into three parts, namely detector simulating, data processing and navigation resolving. In the first part, the detector simulates the photon arrival time; in the second part, a data processing system performs cycle folding according to the photon arrival time of the X pulsar, calculates a pulse profile, performs time conversion, and performs pulse profile cross-correlation processing with a standard profile stored by a known ephemeris so as to finish the calculation of the pulse arrival time; and in the third part of navigation resolving, a precise spacecraft orbit and time information are resolved finally by taking the pulse arrival time as measurement information and combining an orbit dynamic equation and kalman filtering. By the X pulsar equivalent device, the influence of various parameters and different algorithms such as a resolution ratio, a view field, time conversion precision, a folding algorithm and the like on the autonomous navigation accuracy of the spacecraft can be analyzed, and necessary technical support is provided for the development of an X pulsar-based autonomous navigation system and the research on combined navigation with other systems.