A spacecraft posture fault tolerance control method of single gimbal control moment gyroscope groups includes the following steps that firstly, a kinetic equation and a kinematical equation are established when partial failures exist in the single gimbal control moment gyroscope groups (SGCMGs), wherein a coordinate system is defined, and a control system state equation is established; secondly, on the basis of in-orbit operation characteristics of a spacecraft, the spacecraft posture fault tolerance control method of the single gimbal control moment gyroscope groups is adopted; thirdly, the sliding mode control law is designed, wherein a sliding mode face is designed, the control law is primarily designed and the control law is improved. The method has the advantages that the designed control law is also applicable to fault tolerance control of aircrafts with flywheels as execution mechanisms; people do not need to learn about prior information of faults, real-time estimation of fault information and interference information is achieved through self-adaptation control, and fault time varying is allowed; the method is applicable to SGCMGs of any structure or partial failure modes of flywheels; the method is used in aircrafts of the SGCMGs, the rotation speed of a gyroscope frame serves as direct control amount, and the method conforms to engineering practice.