The invention discloses an industrial robot base coordinate system calibration method based on a laser tracker. The method includes the steps that target bases needed for measurement are installed, a calibration system is preprocessed, coordinate systems needed for calibration are established, the relational expression of posture relation matrixes of the coordinate systems is acquired, data are collected through a control robot and the laser tracker, the corresponding posture matrixes are acquired, and finally the posture relation between a robot base coordinate system and a measurable coordinate system is acquired so as to determine the specific posture of the robot base coordinate system. The robot base coordinate system can be calibrated only through the laser tracker, no repetition is needed after calibration, repeated calibration time is shortened, meanwhile, the accuracy of the laser tracker is high, and the accuracy of acquired data of the base coordinate system is high.