The invention discloses a micro gyroscope self-adaptation inversion control system and method based on a neural network. The control system comprises a reference track module, a middle signal generating module, an inversion controller, a neural network self-adaptation system, a micro gyroscope self-adaptation controller, a first adding device and a micro gyroscope system. According to the micro gyroscope self-adaptation inversion control system and method based on the neural network, the advantages of the inversion design technology are utilized, the design processes of the micro gyroscope control system are simplified, a new path of the design of the micro gyroscope control system is opened up, meanwhile, the characteristics of the control technology of the neural network are combined, the weight parameters of the neural network are adjusted in an on-line and real-time mode, an updating algorithm of network weights is designed based on the Lyapunov stability theory, and the stability of a closed-loop system is ensured. According to the micro gyroscope self-adaptation inversion control system and method based on the neural network, unknown dynamic characteristics and influences of noise interference of the micro gyroscope can be compensated in an on-line mode, two-shaft vibration tracks of the micro gyroscope are made to track the reference track, and meanwhile the reliability and the anti-interference robustness of the system are improved.