The invention provides an on-board track traffic passenger flow transport capability and a running safety intelligent monitoring and pre-warning system, which is characterized in that the system comprises at least one or one group of vehicle running state gaining intelligent sensing device(s) in a passenger flow transport capability / scene image sensor, a mechanical vibration / noise sensor, a wheel track state and vehicle chassis image sensor and a road condition image information intelligent sensor, at least a set of train monitoring and pre-warning controllers which can carry out the network assembly of the vehicle running state gaining intelligent sensing devices, carry out information communication with all vehicle running state gaining intelligent sensing devices, carry out data memory and data integration, analysis and processing, achieve system function arrangement, operation, pre-warning and control and carry out information communication with earthwork equipments; all intelligent sensing devices and the train monitoring and pre-warning controllers are connected with each other by communication buses which are matched with each other. The system of the invention has the advantages of multi-function, high intelligent informatization level, high performance / price ratio, high reliability, etc., is easy to be expended and can be applied under all-weather meteorologic conditions.