The invention relates to an unmanned aerial vehicle infrared thermal imaging-based thermal performance detection method for a building envelope structure. The method comprises determination of a path,photographing of an infrared thermogram, acquisition of information of space coordinates, temperature range division, image stitching, data weight calculation, human-machine interaction, analysis, evaluation and the like. According to the method provided by the invention, an original infrared thermogram is divided into temperature range images, so that detection personnel can observe a temperature difference more intuitively; aerial photography of an unmanned aerial vehicle and a virtual reality technology are combined, so that the detection and evaluation method is more intelligent, humanized and intuitive, and a detection result is more accurate.