The invention discloses a deployable cable pole dome structure, comprising an inner cable pole body and an external single-freedom-degree annular connecting bar mechanism, wherein the single-free degree annular connecting bar mechanism comprises at least four shearing type units, a passive cable and an active cable. The invention uses the single-freedom-degree annular connecting bar mechanism to drive the dome structure to fold and unfold, thus number of driving devices is reduced; the active cable and the passive cable are arranged in the external annular connecting bar mechanism, and the prestressing force exists at a full extension state, so that the rigidity of the structure is increased and the material does is reduced; only the active cable needs to be fixed at a full extension state, and an additional locking device is not needed; a coverage range of the dome structure is provided by the inner cable pole body, thus, the external load of the structure is mainly born by the inner cable pole body; the inner cable pole body is composed of a high-strength inhaul cable and a pressure bar; the self weight is light; and the rigidity is mainly provided by the prestressing force, and the stress performance is excellent.