The invention relates to a river supervision method, in particular to a method for diagnosing river pollution in real time. A river pollution diagnosis platform, a pollution degree evaluation module, a pollution reason diagnosis module, a pollution discharge scheme optimization module, a computational model management module and a database management module are adopted in the method. The method is characterized by executing the following steps when a pollution diagnosis project is completed: a, starting the river pollution diagnosis platform; b, setting basic parameters; c, performing river pollution degree evaluation; d, performing river pollution reason diagnosis; e, performing pollution discharge scheme optimization of a pollution enterprise; and f, outputting results. Equipment for implementing the method comprises a remote terminal consisting of a flow meter, a global positioning system (GPS) chip, a solubility detector and a singlechip. By means of method, real-time diagnosis of river pollution degree and pollution reasons is realized, an optimized pollution discharge scheme of the pollution enterprises along the river can be generated after a water quality improvement target or a pollution degree lowering target is input, real-time river pollution condition supervision of an environmental protection department is facilitated, river pollution governance is implemented according to the cases, and emission reduction planning is scientifically performed.