The invention discloses a planting method for interplanting rhizoma polygonate under pear trees and relates to the technical filed of planting. The method comprises the steps of land selection, soil loosening, pear tree transplantation, rhizoma polygonate treatment and planting, weeding, fertilization and the like. By adopting the planting method, rhizoma polygonate can be prevented from being insolated, the survival rate of rhizoma polygonate is increased, and accordingly the yield of rhizoma polygonate is increased; the root systems of the pear trees are developed and have root nodule or mycorrhiza, the soil fertility is improved, and the appropriate growth environment can be provided for rhizoma polygonate for a long time; overground parts of pear leaves and rhizoma polygonate plants are treated and can be applied to organic fertilizer for improving the soil quality, waste is sufficiently used, and the yield of the pear trees and rhizoma polygonate is increased; through interplanting of the pear trees and rhizoma polygonate, weed infestation is avoided, the use amount of the weed killer is effectively reduced, and the labor cost is saved.