The invention discloses a hexavalent chromium adsorbent and a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of environmental protection. According to the hexavalent chromium adsorbent and the preparation method and application thereof, edible fungus waste matrix-fungus chaff serves as the material, the advantages that the fungus chaff is loose and porous, large in specific surface area and rich in active group are utilized, and the fungus chaff is modified and prepared into an anion adsorbent and used for adsorbing hexavalent chromium which exists in an anionic form in electroplating wastewater. The fungus chaff modified adsorbent is used for treating hexavalent chromium wastewater, and on the condition that the pH is 5.5, the initial concentration of hexavalent chromium is 100 mg / L, the dosage of the adsorbent is 3 g / L, the adsorption time is 120 min, the temperature is 25 DEG C, and the rotating speed is 150 r / min, the adsorption quantity can reach 31.5 mg / g. The hexavalent chromium adsorbent and the preparation method and application thereof have the main advantages that agricultural solid waste resource recovery is achieved, contamination of waste fungus chaff to environment is reduced, the fungus chaff is applied to water pollution treatment simultaneously, resource utilization of agricultural solid waste is achieved, and the hexavalent chromium adsorbent has the advantages of being wide in material resource, low in preparation cost, easy to operate, high in adsorption efficiency and the like and can be widely applied to treatment of industrial wastewater in electroplating, printing and dyeing, tanning, metallurgy and the like.