1551 results about "Bicarbonate" patented technology

Sealant compositions comprising an alkali swellable latex and a pH increasing material and methods of using the same to service a wellbore are provided. In one embodiment, the sealant composition can be used in a wellbore and includes an alkali swellable latex and a pH increasing material. The sealant composition can have a pH of from about 7 to about 14. In other embodiments, the pH increasing material includes a base-producing material. The base-producing material can include alkali and alkali earth metal carbonates, alkali and alkali earth metal bicarbonates, alkali and alkali earth metal hydroxides, alkali and alkali earth metal oxides, alkali and alkali earth metal phosphates, alkali and alkali earth metal hydrogen phosphates, alkali and alkaline earth metal sulphides, alkali and alkaline earth metal salts of silicates, alkali and alkaline earth metal salts of aluminates, water soluble or water dispersible organic amines, polymeric amine, amino alcohols, or combinations thereof.

Apparatuses and methods for removing carbon dioxide and other pollutants from a gas stream are provided. The methods include obtaining hydroxide in an aqueous mixture, and mixing the hydroxide with the gas stream to produce carbonate and / or bicarbonate. Some of the apparatuses of the present invention comprise an electrolysis chamber for providing hydroxide and mixing equipment for mixing the hydroxide with a gas stream including carbon dioxide to form an admixture including carbonate and / or bicarbonate.

A batch of dialysate solution is made from a mixture of bicarbonate formulation and a liquid acid formulation. The liquid acid formulation is introduced into a dialysate tank and then removed from the tank and stored elsewhere, such as in an ultrafiltration tank, where it is diluted with a few litres of water. The dialysate tank is then filled with water and the bicarbonate formulation is added to the dialysate tank. The bicarbonate formulation is mixed and dissolved by circulation in a closed loop, with the liquid acid formulation kept separate. When the bicarbonate solution has been prepared, the liquid acid solution and the bicarbonate solution are mixed together and stored in the dialysate preparation tank. An additional quantity of dilution water is introduced into the dialysate system to bring the final conductivity down to the desired range. The excess dialysate solution can be used for several purposes, such as an endotoxin flush of the blood tubing set or a dialyzer clearance test.

There is provided a process for the capture and sequestration of carbon dioxide that would otherwise enter the atmosphere and contribute to global warming and other problems. CO2 capture is accomplished by reacting carbon dioxide in flue gas with an alkali metal carbonate, or a metal oxide, particularly containing an alkaline earth metal or iron, to form a carbonate salt. A preferred carbonate for CO2 capture is a dilute aqueous solution of additive-free (Na2CO3). Other carbonates include (K2CO3) or other metal ion that can produce both a carbonate and a bicarbonate salt. Examples of suitable metal oxides include several alkaline earths including CaO and MgO. The captured CO2 is preferably sequestered using any available mineral or industrial waste that contains calcium magnesium or iron in non-carbonate forms, or iron in the Fe+2 oxidation state.

Systems and methods for managing the pH of a dialysate fluid during hemodialysis therapy. The systems and methods adjust dialysate pH and buffer concentration to generate a predetermined total bicarbonate buffer concentration in a dialysate entering a dialyzer.

Sealant compositions comprising an alkali swellable latex and a pH increasing material and methods of using the same to service a wellbore are provided. In one embodiment, the sealant composition can be used in a wellbore and includes an alkali swellable latex and a pH increasing material. The sealant composition can have a pH of from about 7 to about 14. In other embodiments, the pH increasing material includes a base-producing material. The base-producing material can include alkali and alkali earth metal carbonates, alkali and alkali earth metal bicarbonates, alkali and alkali earth metal hydroxides, alkali and alkali earth metal oxides, alkali and alkali earth metal phosphates, alkali and alkali earth metal hydrogen phosphates, alkali and alkaline earth metal sulphides, alkali and alkaline earth metal salts of silicates, alkali and alkaline earth metal salts of aluminates, water soluble or water dispersible organic amines, polymeric amine, amino alcohols, or combinations thereof.

A sterile device immersed in a sterile buffer and a method for providing same. The sterile device may be a medical device such as a biosensor having a biomolecule as a sensing element such as, for example, a glucose oxidase enzyme. The buffer may be a bicarbonate solution. Both the device and the buffer may be packaged and stored over long term while maintaining sterilization. The sterilization method may comprise a combination of gaseous, liquid and light sterilization.

The present invention relates to a novel blend composition suitable for use in sports equipment in general and in particular for use in golf ball manufacture. The composition is the reaction product of; A) a polymer of ethylene and / or one or more alpha olefins, and an acid, ester, or anhydride (“Component (A)”); and B) a compound comprising both an amine and a carboxylic acid in the same molecule which may be present in either a neutral or ionic or zwitterionic form (“Component (B)”); and C) a basic metal ion salt, capable of neutralizing the acid groups of Component (A) and / or Component (B). The metal ions including Li+, Na+, K+, Zn+, Co2+, Ca2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Pb2+, and Mg2+, with Li+, Na+, Zn2+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ being preferred, and their salts include those of, for example, formic acid, acetic acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, carbonic acid, bicarbonic acid, as well as the metal oxides, hydroxides, and alkoxides (“Component (C)”). The present invention is also embodied in a blend composition including the reaction product of one or more ionomers and Component (B) which is a compound having a general formula (R2N)m—R′—(X(O)nORy)m, where R is either hydrogen, one or more C1-C20 aliphatic systems, one or more cycloaliphatic systems, one or more aromatic systems, or a combination of these. Also R′ is a bridging group comprising one or more unsubstituted C1-C20 straight chain or branched aliphatic or alicyclic groups, or one or more substituted straight chain or branched aliphatic or alicyclic groups, or one or more aromatic groups, one or more oligomers each containing up to 12 repeating units, and when X is C or S or P, m is 1-3. Also when X=C, n=1 and y=1, and when X=S, n=2 and y=1, and when X=P, n=2 and y=2. The present invention also resides in a golf ball including a core, an outer cover layer; and from 0 to 5 intermediate layers, wherein one or more of said core, outer cover, and / or intermediate layers, if present, includes the aforementioned blend compositions. Finally, the present invention is also embodied in sports equipment items comprising the aforementioned blend compositions.

The present invention constitutes dialysate formulations that are suitable for use in preparing dialysate solutions for use in batch and / or proportioning systems and for improving dialysis efficiency by reducing or preventing clotting of the dialysis flow paths. The dialysate chemical formulations for one batch of dialysate comprise an acid concentrate stored in a first vessel, and a citrate-containing bicarbonate concentrate stored in a second vessel. The contents of the first and second vessels are emptied into a dialysate preparation tank and mixed with water to form a batch quantity of dialysate solution. Alternately, a dry acid and / or a dry citrate-containing base concentrates are dissolved separately in measured quantities of water to form liquid concentrates which are then used in conjunction with a proportioning machine to generate on-line a final dialysis solution stream.

In a preferred embodiment, the invention relates to a process of sequestering carbon dioxide. The process comprises the steps of: (a) reacting a metal silicate with a caustic alkali-metal hydroxide to produce a hydroxide of the metal formerly contained in the silicate; (b) reacting carbon dioxide with at least one of a caustic alkali-metal hydroxide and an alkali-metal silicate to produce at least one of an alkali-metal carbonate and an alkali-metal bicarbonate; and (c) reacting the metal hydroxide product of step (a) with at least one of the alkali-metal carbonate and the alkali-metal bicarbonate produced in step (b) to produce a carbonate of the metal formerly contained in the metal silicate of step (a).

A method and apparatus for desalinating seawater which uses an ammonia bicarbonate forward osmosis desalination process. Seawater is pumped through one side of a membrane assembly. A draw solution is pumped through the other side of the membrane assembly. The draw solution withdraws water molecules from the seawater through the membrane into the draw solution. A draw solution separator receives a heated draw solution which then decomposes into ammonia, carbon dioxide and water. Potable water is separated from ammonia has and carbon dioxide gas. The ammonia gas and carbon dioxide gas are recombined with a portion of the potable water stream to reform the ammonium bicarbonate draw solution.

A method for producing a coated chewing gum product with accelerated absorption of medicaments through oral mucosa, as well as the chewing gum product so produced, is obtained by using a xylitol or sorbitol coating, or by adding a water-soluble alkaline material, such as a bicarbonate salt, to the chewing gum center, a coating on the center, or both. Coatings made with sorbitol or xylitol or gum centers that include sodium bicarbonate are particularly preferred.

An optimal thermal seawater desalination process is disclosed, which combines two or more substantially different water pretreatment processes in a unique manner and in a special configuration, hereto unknown to prior desalination arts, to produce a high yield of high quality fresh water, including potable water. In this process a two stage NF membrane pretreatment unit (NF2) with an energy recovery turbo charger (TC) device in between the stages or equipped with an energy recovery pressure exchanger (PX) is synergistically combined with at least one thermal desalination unit to form a dual hybrid of NF2-Thermal (FIG. 4 ), or alternatively the two stage NF2 unit is synergistically combined with a two stage SWRO unit (SWRO2) with an energy recovery TC in between the stages or combined with one stage SWRO (SWRO1) equipped with an energy recovery TC or PX system and the reject from the SWRO2 or SWRO1 unit is made make-up to a thermal unit to form a tri-hybrid of NF2-SWRO2 reject-Thermal (FIG. 5 ). In both the cases of di- or trihybrids the thermal unit is equivalent to a multistage flash distillation (MSFD) or multieffect distillation (MED) or vapor compression distillation (VCD) or thermal reheat (RH) evaporator. Typically a process of this invention using the two stage NF2 initial pretreatment step will perform a semi-desalination step by reducing feed TDS by about 35 to 50%, but most important, especially to the thermal seawater desalination process, it removes the water recovery limiting, scale forming hardness ions of Ca++ and Mg++ by better than 80% and their covalent anions of sulfate to better than 95% and bicarbonate to about 65%. The removal of scale forming hardness ions, especially SO4=, and bicarbonates allowed for the operation of thermal unit in the above hybrids at top brine temperature (TBT) much greater than its present TBT limit by the singular conventional process of 120° C. for MSFD and operation of MED or VCD or RH unit at TBT much higher than their present TBT limit of 65-70° C., with many advantages gained by this process over prior art sweater desalination processes. The process of this invention exceeds all prior thermal seawater desalination arts in efficiency, including water yield, product water recovery ratio and unit water cost as well as in energy consumption per unit product which is equivalent or less than other efficient prior art seawater thermal desalination processes. By this process, an NF product recovery ratio of 75 and 80% or better is achieved from the high salinity Gulf sea (TDS≈45,000 ppm) and about an equal product recovery ratio is also obtained from the SWRO or thermal unit when it is operated on NF product for a total water recovery ratio in excess of 52% for seawater

A solid detergent composition is provided including an effective amount of a cleaning agent to provide soil removal and a binding agent dispersed throughout the solid detergent composition. The binding agent comprises a result of mixing alkali metal carbonate, alkali metal bicarbonate, and water. The binding agent preferably includes alkali metal sesquicarbonate. A method for solidifying a detergent composition is provided.

An organ perfusion apparatus and method monitor, sustain and / or restore viability of organs and preserve organs for storage and / or transport. The method includes perfusing the organ at hypothermic and / or normothermic temperatures, preferably after hypothermic organ flushing for organ transport and / or storage. The method can be practiced with prior or subsequent static or perfusion hypothermic exposure of the organ. Organ viability is restored by restoring high energy nucleotide (e.g., ATP) levels by perfusing the organ with a medical fluid, such as an oxygenated cross-linked hemoglobin-based bicarbonate medical fluid, at normothermic temperatures. In perfusion, organ perfusion pressure is preferably controlled in response to a sensor disposed in an end of tubing placed in the organ, by a pneumatically pressurized medical fluid reservoir, providing perfusion pressure fine tuning, overpressurization prevention and emergency flow cut-off. In the hypothermic mode, the organ is perfused with a medical fluid, preferably a simple crystalloid solution containing antioxidants, intermittently or in slow continuous flow. The medical fluid may be fed into the organ from an intermediary tank having a low pressure head to avoid organ overpressurization. Preventing overpressurization prevents or reduces damage to vascular endothelial lining and to organ tissue in general. Viability of the organ may be automatically monitored, preferably by monitoring characteristics of the medical fluid perfusate. The perfusion process can be automatically controlled using a control program.

Apparatuses and methods for removing carbon dioxide and other pollutants from a gas stream are provided. The methods include obtaining hydroxide in an aqueous mixture, and mixing the hydroxide with the gas stream to produce carbonate and / or bicarbonate. Some of the apparatuses of the present invention comprise an electrolysis chamber for providing hydroxide and mixing equipment for mixing the hydroxide with a gas stream including carbon dioxide to form an admixture including carbonate and / or bicarbonate.

A process is disclosed for gas separation wherein carbon dioxide in a mixed gas stream is converted to bicarbonate by contacting a gamma carbonic anhydrase enzyme designated as CAM in the temperature range of 40 degrees to 85 degrees C. in an enzyme catalyzed carbon dioxide capture system.

The method of reusing ammonia nitrogen containing effluent as circular cooling water is characterized by the addition of alkali, bicarbonate, carbonate, hydrophosphate, dihydric phosphate or phosphate to increase the scaling factor of water and the cooperation with scale-inhibiting corrosion inhibitor and bactericide to control corrosion, scaling and bacterial growth in the reused effluent. The method of the present invention is suitable for reusing ammonia nitrogen containing effluent as circular cooling water.

Embodiments include a method and apparatus for cost-effective and efficient ammonia recovery from a waste stream. In some embodiments, ammonia is recovered after bicarbonate buffer removal from the waste stream via addition of an acid.

A meat analog product is provided prepared starting from a dry component that is a combination of ingredients, including a dry sulfur protein source, a carbohydrate source, a liquid, and a monovalent cationic bicarbonate or carbonate. The meat analog product can be produced and extruded under low shear conditions to provide a product having a plurality of striated and separable aligned fibers and a real meat appearance.

This invention relates to systems for eliminating completely from the atmosphere the polluting gases produced from a combustion system. The system of the present invention comprises a series of vessels wherein the pollutant gases are mixed with water and reacted with inorganic materials such group II metal hydroxides to remove carbon dioxide as carbonates and bicarbonates. Non reacted gases are recycled back into the combustion system. The present invention is particularly adaptable to internal combustion engines.

The invention is an improved, non-phosphate, non-bleach, agglomerated laundry booster which has a) a solids portion with i) at least 5% by weight of a first builder selected from the group consisting of alkali metal carbonate, alkali metal bicarbonate, alkali metal sesquicarbonate, and mixtures thereof; and ii) a second builder of at least 25% by weight alkali metal tetraborate pentahydrate; and b) i) a first liquid which comprises an anionic, acidic surfactant, in an amount no greater than about 10% by weight; and ii) a second liquid which comprises an agglomerating agent. The first liquid is neutralized by the first builder of a)i) to form a first set of particles, the second builder forms a second set of particles, and the second liquid co-agglomerates both the first and second sets of particles. The invention also provides a method for preparing this laundry booster.

A composite ion exchange membrane having a high swelling resistance and being superior in mechanical strength and ion conductivity can be provided by means of an composite ion exchange membrane including an ion exchange resin composition and a support membrane having a continuous pore penetrating the support membrane, wherein the support membrane is one which accepts the ion exchange resin composition within the pore, and wherein the ion exchange resin composition is one which contains an ion exchange resin containing, as a main component, an aromatic polyether and / or its derivative, the aromatic polyether being obtained by mixing a compound having a specific structure, an aromatic dihalogenated compound and a bisphenol compound with a carbonate and / or a bicarbonate of an alkali metal and polymerizing the mixture in an organic solvent.

The present invention is a system and method for treating a flue gas stream to remove strong acid compounds selected from the group consisting of hydrofluoric acid (HF), hydrochloric acid (HCl), sulfuric acid (H2SO4), and sulfur trioxide (SO3) by injecting a sodium sorbent selected from the group consisting of sodium sesquicarbonate, sodium carbonate-bicarbonate, trona ore, mechanically refined trona ore, and trona into the flue gas stream, calcining substantially all of the sodium sorbent in the presence of the flue gas stream to form a soda ash, reducing the concentration of the at least one strong acid compound in the flue gas stream by reacting the at least one strong acid compound with the soda ash to form a sodium based by-product; and changing the chemistry of the flue gas stream to reduce the overall average resistivity of the particulate matter.

The invention relates to a preparation method of a catalyst for preparation of glycol by oxalate hydrogenation, and mainly solves the problems of poor catalyst activity and low glycol selectivity in the prior art. The method comprises the following steps: a) mixing a soluble salt of an active component copper and a soluble salt of an additive to prepare a mixed solution I; b) under the condition of stirring, adding a carrier into the solution I to obtain slurry II; c) preparing at least one substance selected from the group consisting of carbonate, bicarbonate, alkali metal hydroxide or inorganic ammonia into a solution III as a precipitating agent; d) mixing the solution III and the slurry II, controlling the precipitation reaction end point pH value to be 5.6-12 to obtain slurry IV; e) aging the slurry IV at 50-95 DEG C for 0.5-10 hours, then filtering and washing; and f) drying a filter cake at 60-120 DEG C, and then roasting at 300-600 DEG C; the technical scheme of the method can well solve the problems of poor catalyst activity and low glycol selectivity in the prior art, and the method can be used for the industrial production of preparation of the glycol by oxalate hydrogenation.

Stable aqueous compositions of silane quaternary ammonium compounds are provided by diluting an alkanol solution of the silane quaternary ammonium compound in water with at least one nonionic surfactant. The weight ratio of the silane quaternary ammonium compound and nonionic surfactant is provided to yield a composition which can remain stable in dilute aqueous compositions, can be applied to any surface and dry quickly to provide an anti-microbial film. The addition of an alkali metal bicarbonate salt to the composition improves the anti-microbial properties as well as the drying time of the composition.

The invention relates to a preparation method of 5V level anode material of a lithium ion battery, namely, ball LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4, and pertains to the energy material and novel material preparation technology field. The method includes the steps that: a liquid mixture of manganese salt and nickel salt which is prepared according to a molar ration of 3:1, reacts with dissoluble carbonate or bicarbonate water solution and ammonia or ethylene diamine water solution to obtain ball MnCO3-NiCO3, processes of centrifugal separation, washing and drying are carried out, ball Mn2O3-Ni2O3 powder is obtained by heat treatment at 400 DEG C to 600 DEG C, the ball Mn2O3-Ni2O3 powder is mixed with lithium salt compound, ball LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 is obtained by heat treatment at 700 DEG C to 900 DEG C. The LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 anode material obtained by the method has high purity and relatively high specific capacity; the product grain is a ball shape, with high tap density which can reach 2.2 to 2.5 g question mark cm <-3>; the ball grain can provide a beneficial condition to the further carrying out of surface coating and to the improvement of the cycle stability of the material, and has great practical value in the field of high energy density and high power lithium ion battery.

A lithium ion electrochemical cell having high charge / discharge capacity, long cycle life and exhibiting a reduced first cycle irreversible capacity, is described. The stated benefits are realized by the addition of at least one dicarbonate additive to an electrolyte comprising an alkali metal salt dissolved in a solvent mixture that includes ethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, ethylmethyl carbonate and diethyl carbonate. The preferred additive is an alkyl dicarbonate compound.

The present invention discloses an integrated desalination and salt plant for the production of a salt or slurry product of high purity. The reject stream from the desalination plant is used as the feed stream for the salt plant. The salt plant feed stream is filtered to effectively remove sulfate, which prevents scale formation in the salt plant equipment. The filtering may also reduce the level of calcium, magnesium, bicarbonate, or other components of the feed which may also prevent scale formation in the salt plant equipment. The salt plant produces a high purity salt product without the use of chemical purification.