6322results about How to "Improve barrier properties" patented technology

A smokeless tobacco product is provided. A water-permeable pouch containing a tobacco formulation and configured for insertion into the mouth of a user of that product is provided. The tobacco formulation includes granular tobacco and a buffer comprised of sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate. An outer packaging material enveloping the pouch is provided and is sealed so as to allow a controlled environment to be maintained within.

A method for forming a metal wiring structure includes: (i) providing a multi-layer structure including an exposed wiring layer and an exposed insulating layer in a reaction space; (ii) introducing an —NH2 or >NH terminal at least on an exposed surface of the insulating layer in a reducing atmosphere; (iii) introducing a reducing compound to the reaction space and then purging a reaction space; (iv) introducing a metal halide compound to the reaction space and then purging the reaction space; (v) introducing a gas containing N and H and then purging the reaction space; (vi) repeating steps (iii) to (v) in sequence to produce a metal-containing barrier layer; and (vii) forming a metal film on the metal-containing barrier layer.

An atomic layer deposition system and method utilizing radicals generated from a high-density mixed plasma for deposition is disclosed. A high-quality oxide or oxynitride can be deposited by exposing a substrate to a first precursor which is adsorbed onto the substrate during a first phase of one deposition cycle. After purging the deposition chamber, the substrate is exposed to a second precursor which includes oxygen radicals and krypton ions formed from the high-density mixed plasma. The ions and radicals are formed by introducing a radical generating feed gas (e.g., O2) and an ion generating feed gas into a plasma chamber and exciting the gases to form the high-density mixed plasma. The radicals and ions are then introduced to the substrate where they react with the first precursor to deposit a layer of the desired film. Krypton is preferably used as the ion generating feed gas because the metastable states of krypton lead to an efficient dissociation of oxygen into oxygen radicals when compared with other inert gases.

An atomic layer deposition system and method utilizing radicals generated from a high-density mixed plasma for deposition is disclosed. A high-quality oxide or oxynitride can be deposited by exposing a substrate to a first precursor which is adsorbed onto the substrate during a first phase of one deposition cycle. After purging the deposition chamber, the substrate is exposed to a second precursor which includes oxygen radicals and krypton ions formed from the high-density mixed plasma. The ions and radicals are formed by introducing a radical generating feed gas (e.g., O2) and an ion generating feed gas into a plasma chamber and exciting the gases to form the high-density mixed plasma. The radicals and ions are then introduced to the substrate where they react with the first precursor to deposit a layer of the desired film. Krypton is preferably used as the ion generating feed gas because the metastable states of krypton lead to an efficient dissociation of oxygen into oxygen radicals when compared with other inert gases.

System and methods for flash heating of materials deposited using atomic layer deposition techniques are disclosed. By flash heating the surface of the deposited material after each or every few deposition cycles, contaminants such as un-reacted precursors and byproducts can be released from the deposited material. A higher quality material is deposited by reducing the incorporation of impurities. A flash heating source is capable of quickly raising the temperature of the surface of a deposited material without substantially raising the temperature of the bulk of the substrate on which the material is being deposited. Because the temperature of the bulk of the substrate is not significantly raised, the bulk acts like a heat sink to aid in cooling the surface after flash heating. In this manner, processing times are not significantly increased in order to allow the surface temperature to reach a suitably low temperature for deposition.

A method is provided for forming a capping layer comprising Cu, N, and also Si and / or Ge onto a copper conductive structure, said method comprising the sequential steps of: forming, at a temperature range between 200° C. up to 400° C., at least one capping layer onto said copper conductive structure by exposing said structure to a GeH4 and / or a SiH4 comprising ambient, performing a NH3 plasma treatment thereby forming an at least partly nitrided capping layer, forming a dielectric barrier layer onto said at least partly nitrided capping layer, wherein prior to said step of forming said at least one capping layer a pre-annealing step of said copper conductive structure is performed at a temperature range between 250° C. up to 450° C.

An improved pouching machine is provided. The improved pouching machine comprises a feed hopper with a first and a second end and a feed screw with a plurality of pins extending from the circumference. The feed screw is connected to a first shaft and the first shaft is connected to a motor to rotate the first shaft. An agitator screw is positioned adjacent to the feed screw and has a plurality of pins extending from the circumference. The agitator screw is connected to a second shaft.

The present invention relates to a method for reducing adhesions associated with post-operative surgery. The present method comprises administering or affixing a polymeric composition preferably comprising chain extended, coupled or crosslinked polyester / poly(oxyalkylene) ABA triblocks or AB diblocks having favorable EO / LA ratios to a site in the body which has been subjected to trauma, e.g. by surgery, excision or inflammatory disease. In the present invention, the polymeric material provides a barrier to prevent or reduce the extent of adhesions forming.

The present invention relates to novel bioabsorbable polymeric compositions based upon AB polyester polyether or related diblocks and triblocks. Compositions according to the present invention may be used in medical applications, for example, for reducing or preventing adhesion formation subsequent to medical procedures such as surgery, for producing surgical articles including stents and grafts, as coatings, sealants, lubricants, as transient barriers in the body, for materials which control the release of bioactive agents in the body, for wound and bum dressings and producing biodegradable articles, among numerous others.

Electrochemical cells, and more specifically, rechargeable batteries comprising lithium anodes for use in water and / or air environments, as well as non-aqueous and non-air environments, are presented. In one embodiment, an electrochemical cell includes an anode comprising lithium and a multi-layered structure positioned between the anode and an electrolyte of the cell. A multi-layered structure can include at least a first single-ion conductive material layer (e.g., a lithiated metal layer), and at least a first polymeric layer positioned between the anode and the single-ion conductive material. The invention also can provide an electrode stabilization layer positioned within the electrode, i.e., between one portion and another portion of an electrode, to control depletion and re-plating of electrode material upon charge and discharge of a battery. Advantageously, electrochemical cells comprising combinations of structures described herein are not only compatible with environments that are typically unsuitable for lithium, but the cells may be also capable of displaying long cycle life, high lithium cycling efficiency, and high energy density.

A composition such as a water-based consumer product comprises material (e.g. perfume) encapsulated within shell capsules, each capsule comprising an encapsulating wall having an inner surface and an outer surface, with a coating on the inner surface and / or outer surface of the shell wall, the composition further comprising surfactant and / or solvent. The coating can improve the barrier properties of the shell and can enhance retention of the encapsulated materials within the shell.

An object is to prevent an impurity such as moisture and oxygen from being mixed into an oxide semiconductor and suppress variation in semiconductor characteristics of a semiconductor device in which an oxide semiconductor is used. Another object is to provide a semiconductor device with high reliability. A gate insulating film provided over a substrate having an insulating surface, a source and a drain electrode which are provided over the gate insulating film, a first oxide semiconductor layer provided over the source electrode and the drain electrode, and a source and a drain region which are provided between the source electrode and the drain electrode and the first oxide semiconductor layer are provided. A barrier film is provided in contact with the first oxide semiconductor layer.

Disclosed herein are organic electronic devices that are encapsulated at least in part by adsorbent-loaded transfer adhesives. The adsorbent material may be a dessicant and / or a getterer. The adsorbent-loaded transfer adhesive may form a gasket around the periphery of the device, or may cover the entire device and its periphery. An encapsulating lid covers the device.

Oilfield elements and assemblies are described comprising a polymeric matrix formed into an oilfield element, and a plurality of expanded graphitic nanoflakes and / or nanoplatelets dispersed in the polymeric matrix. Methods of using the oilfield elements and assemblies including same in oilfield operations are also described. This abstract allows a searcher or other reader to quickly ascertain the subject matter of the disclosure. It will not be used to interpret or limit the scope or meaning of the claims. 37 CFR 1.72(b).

A composite multi-layer barrier is produced by first vapor depositing a barrier under vacuum over a substrate of interest and then depositing an additional barrier at atmospheric pressure in a preferably thermoplastic layer. The resulting multi-layer barrier is then used to coat an article of interest in a lamination process wherein the thermoplastic layer is fused onto itself and the surface of the article. The vacuum-deposited barrier may consists of a first leveling polymer layer followed by an inorganic barrier material sputtered over the leveling layer and of an additional polymeric layer flash evaporated, deposited, and cured under vacuum. The thermoplastic polymeric layer is then deposited by extrusion, drawdown or roll coating at atmospheric pressure. The resulting multi-layer barrier may be stacked using the thermoplastic layer as bonding agent. Nano-particles may be included in the thermoplastic layer to improve the barrier properties of the structure. A desiccant material may also be included or added as a separate layer.

The present invention is directed to articles comprising nanofibers. Preferred articles include diapers, training pants, adult incontinence pads, catamenials products such as feminine care pads and pantiliners, tampons, personal cleansing articles, personal care articles, and personal care wipes including baby wipes, facial wipes, body wipes, and feminine wipes. The nanofiber webs can be used as a barrier, wipe, absorbent material, and other uses. The nanofibers, having a diameter of less than 1 micron, must comprise a significant number of the fibers in at least one nanofiber layer of the nonwoven web. The nonwoven web may have a hydrohead to basis weight ratio of greater than about 10 mbar / gsm. The nanofibers may be produced from a melt film fibrillation process.

A barrier stack for encapsulating a moisture and / or oxygen sensitive electronic device is provided. The barrier stack comprises a multilayer film having at least one barrier layer having low moisture and / or oxygen permeability, and at least one sealing layer arranged to be in contact with a surface of the barrier layer, wherein the sealing material comprises reactive nanoparticles capable of interacting with moisture and / or oxygen, thereby retarding the permeation of moisture and / or oxygen through defects present in the barrier layer.

Electrode protection in electrochemical cells, and more specifically, electrode protection in both aqueous and non-aqueous electrochemical cells, including rechargeable lithium batteries, are presented. In one embodiment, an electrochemical cell includes an anode comprising lithium and a multi-layered structure positioned between the anode and an electrolyte of the cell. A multi-layered structure can include at least a first single-ion conductive material layer (e.g., a lithiated metal layer), and at least a first polymeric layer positioned between the anode and the single-ion conductive material. The invention also can provide an electrode stabilization layer positioned within the electrode, i.e., between one portion and another portion of an electrode, to control depletion and re-plating of electrode material upon charge and discharge of a battery. Advantageously, electrochemical cells comprising combinations of structures described herein are not only compatible with environments that are typically unsuitable for lithium, but the cells may be also capable of displaying long cycle life, high lithium cycling efficiency, and high energy density.

The purpose of the invention is to improve reliability of a light emitting apparatus comprising TFTs and organic light emitting elements. The light emitting apparatus according to the invention having thin film transistors and light emitting elements, comprises; a second inorganic insulation layer on a gate electrode, a first organic insulation layer on the second inorganic insulation layer, a third inorganic insulation layer on the first organic insulation layer, an anode layer formed on the third inorganic insulation layer, a second organic insulation layer overlapping with the end of the anode layer and having an inclination angle of 35 to 45 degrees, a fourth inorganic insulation layer formed on the upper surface and side surface of the second organic insulation layer and having an opening over the anode layer, an organic compound layer formed in contact with the anode layer and the fourth inorganic insulation layer and containing light emitting material, and a cathode layer formed in contact with the organic compound layer containing the light emitting material, wherein the third inorganic insulation layer and the fourth inorganic insulation layer are formed with silicon nitride or aluminum nitride.

The heat insulating composite aerogel material consists of silica aerogel, titania as infrared opacifier and reinforcing fiber in the weight ratio of 1 to 0.1-0.7 to 0.7-3. Its preparation process includes compounding sol with silanolate, surface modifier, titanolate, alcohol solvent, acid catalyst and alkaline catalyst in certain proportion; soaking fiber felt or prefabricated fiber part in the sol; and supercritical fluid drying. The material of the present invention has high blocking effect on solid heat transfer, air heat transfer and infrared radiation heat transfer, excellent hydrophobicity, simple preparation process, low cost, mechanical strength over 2 MPa, and wide application range, and may be used in strict heat protection condition in aeronautics, astronautics, military and civil uses.

A method and a layered heterostructure for forming high mobility Ge channel field effect transistors is described incorporating a plurality of semiconductor layers on a semiconductor substrate, and a channel structure of a compressively strained epitaxial Ge layer having a higher barrier or a deeper confining quantum well and having extremely high hole mobility for complementary MODFETs and MOSFETs. The invention overcomes the problem of a limited hole mobility due to alloy scattering for a p-channel device with only a single compressively strained SiGe channel layer. This invention further provides improvements in mobility and transconductance over deep submicron state-of-the art Si pMOSFETs in addition to having a broad temperature operation regime from above room temperature (425 K) down to cryogenic low temperatures (0.4 K) where at low temperatures even high device performances are achievable.

The invention discloses a method for preparing a heat-resisting alumina-silox aerogel thermal-protective composite material, which comprises the following steps: (1) preparing Al2O3 sol; (2) preparing SiO2 sol; (3) preparing Al2O3-SiO2 sol, (4) preparing SiC coating-containing reinforcing fibers; (5) mixing the SiC coating-containing reinforcing fiber felts or fiber prefabricated members and the Al2O3-SiO2 sol; (6) aging; and (7) carrying out drying treatment by using supercritical fluid. The operating temperature of the Al2O3-SiO2 aerogel composite material prepared by the method can reach 1,200 DEG C; and therefore, the Al2O3-SiO2 aerogel composite material has good heat-insulating property and good mechanical property.

A container for a smokeless tobacco product is provided. A container for smokeless tobacco comprises a lid and a corresponding bottom piece having an outside wall and at least one dividing wall extending between opposite sides of the outside wall and dividing the bottom piece into a plurality of compartments. A seal is removably positioned over each compartment.

A semiconductor device for high power application in which a novel semiconductor material having high mass productivity is provided. An oxide semiconductor film is formed, and then, first heat treatment is performed on the exposed oxide semiconductor film in order to reduce impurities such as moisture or hydrogen in the oxide semiconductor film. Next, in order to further reduce impurities such as moisture or hydrogen in the oxide semiconductor film, oxygen is added to the oxide semiconductor film by an ion implantation method, an ion doping method, or the like, and after that, second heat treatment is performed on the exposed oxide semiconductor film.

There is disclosed a resist composition comprising, at least, a polymer including repeating units represented by the following general formula (1). There can-be provided a resist composition that has a good barrier property against water, prevents resist components from leaching to water, has high receding contact angle against water, does not require a protective film, has an excellent process applicability, suitable for the liquid immersion lithography and makes it possible to form micropatterns with high precision.

Disclosed are oxygen-scavenging polymer compositions having high transparency and low haze comprising immiscible blends of at least one polyester comprising 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-1,3-cyclobutanediol, a copolyamide or a transamidized, homogeneous blend of a least two polyamides, and a metal catalyst. The components of the immiscible blend which have refractive indices which differ by about 0.006 to about −0.0006. The small difference in the refractive indices enable the incorporation of regrind into the polymer composition to produce transparent shaped articles. The blends of the present invention are useful in producing shaped articles such as, for example, sheeting, films, tubes, bottles, preforms and profiles. These articles may have one or more layers and can exhibit improved excellent barrier properties and good melt processability while retaining excellent mechanical properties.

The invention discloses an edible biological preservative film and a preparation method thereof. The edible biological preservative film comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30-60 parts of a film former, 1-10 parts of a natural antioxidant, 1-10 parts of a natural bacterial inhibitor, 1-4 parts of a plasticizer and 0.5-4 parts of an emulsifier. The preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing the components in proportion to form preservative film liquid, and preparing the preservative film by adopting a tape-casting process. According to the preservative film, excellent film forming performances of materials such as marine polysaccharides, chitosan, gelatin and the like are utilized, the natural antioxidant and the natural bacterial inhibitor are selected and used, and the modification process is carried out through the plasticizer, the emulsifier and the like, so that the prepared preservative film is good in mechanical property, delays the spoilage of an aquatic product and can effectively prolong the shelf life of the aquatic product.