The invention provides a preparation method of a
silicon / carbon multi-component composite negative
electrode material. The preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) preparing a carboxyl carbon nano-tube by using acid and a carbon nano-tube, or preparing an aminated carbon nano-tube by using the carboxyl carbon nano-tube; (2) oxidizing the surface of nanometer
silicon so as to generate a layer of
silicon oxide, or aminating slightly oxidized nanometer silicon by using
ammonia-containing organosilane under the condition of heating
reflux; (3) adding the carboxyl carbon nano-tube and the aminated nanometer silicon, or the carboxyl carbon nano-tube and the slightly oxidized nanometer silicon to an organic
carbon source-containing
solvent, dispersing and carrying out
spray drying-
pyrolysis; (4) mixing a material obtained in the step (3) with
asphalt, and sequentially carrying out low-temperature, constant temperature and high-temperature heat treatments, thus obtaining a secondary silicon-carbon nano-tube /
amorphous carbon composite negative
electrode material; and (5) carrying out
airflow crushing, grading, adding to the organic
carbon source-containing
solvent, carrying out
spray drying-
pyrolysis or
spray pyrolysis, and carrying out high-
temperature treatment, thus obtaining the silicon / carbon multi-component composite negative
electrode material. The silicon / carbon multi-component composite negative
electrode material prepared by the method has the advantages of large reversible capacity, designable capacity, good cycle performance, high tap density and the like.