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Pyrolysis amorphous carbon material and preparation method and application thereof

An amorphous carbon, amorphous technology, applied in the field of materials, can solve the problems of large mass loss, poor cycle performance, high cost of hard carbon, and achieve high working voltage and energy density, good safety performance, and low cost.

Inactive Publication Date: 2015-11-25
INST OF PHYSICS - CHINESE ACAD OF SCI
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

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Problems solved by technology

In 2000, Stevens and Dahn first realized the reversible deintercalation of sodium ions in hard carbon materials, and the specific capacity can reach 300mAh / g, but its cycle performance is poor [J.Electrochem.Soc.,2000,147,1271-1273]
Recently, Hu Yongsheng et al. prepared spherical hard carbon materials with regular shape by hydrothermal sucrose and high-temperature pyrolysis, and their reversible specific capacity was as high as 310mAh / g. The platform capacity of high-degree cracking hard carbon reaches 220mAh / g, and the efficiency in the first week reaches more than 83%. Using it as a negative electrode material can significantly improve the voltage and energy density of the full battery [Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 2014, DOI: 10.1039 / C4TA05451B], but The preparation process of this method is complicated and costly, and it is not suitable for large-scale production applications
[0005] Although hard carbon materials have significant advantages as lithium-ion and sodium-ion batteries, the carbon content in the precursors used to produce hard carbon is low, and its mass loss is large during high-temperature carbonization, and the carbon production rate is low, resulting in high cost of hard carbon. restricts its wide application

Method used

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  • Pyrolysis amorphous carbon material and preparation method and application thereof
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  • Pyrolysis amorphous carbon material and preparation method and application thereof

Examples

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Embodiment 1

[0060] Example 1 of the present invention provides a pyrolytic amorphous carbon material, which is granular, and the average particle size of the particles is 1-100 μm; d 002 Value between 0.35-0.44nm, L c Value between 0.5-4nm, L a The value is between 3-5nm;

[0061] The raw materials for its preparation include a hard carbon precursor and a soft carbon precursor; the mass ratio of the hard carbon precursor to the soft carbon precursor is 1: (0.1-10).

[0062] The hard carbon precursor can be selected from one or any mixture of glucose, sucrose, lignin, cellulose, starch, phenolic resin, polyacrylonitrile, epoxy resin; the soft carbon precursor can be selected from kerosene pitch, petroleum pitch , Mesophase pitch or any mixture of several.

[0063] The pyrolytic amorphous carbon material provided in this embodiment can be used as a negative electrode material for a sodium-ion secondary battery or a lithium-ion secondary battery. Mixing hard carbon precursors and soft ca...

Embodiment 2

[0065] The present embodiment provides a kind of preparation method of pyrolysis amorphous carbon material, and its steps are as follows figure 1 shown, including:

[0066] Step 101, mechanically mixing the hard carbon precursor and the soft carbon precursor with a solvent at a mass ratio of 1: (0.1-10) to obtain a slurry;

[0067] Specifically, the solvent can be selected from one or any mixture of water, ethanol, isopropanol, acetone, dimethylformamide; the hard carbon precursor can be selected from glucose, sucrose, lignin, cellulose, starch, One or any mixture of phenolic resin, polyacrylonitrile, and epoxy resin; the soft carbon precursor can be selected from one or any mixture of coal tar pitch, petroleum pitch, and mesophase pitch.

[0068] Mechanical mixing includes ball milling, stirring or ultrasonic dispersion, and any combination of the above methods.

[0069] The time of mechanical mixing can be set according to the selected precursor and the mixing method used....

Embodiment 3

[0083] Weigh 2g of lignin, 2g of petroleum pitch and appropriate amount of water into the ball mill, mix and ball mill for 5 hours at room temperature, dry the slurry obtained after ball milling, put it into a magnetic boat and put it into a tube furnace; As a protective gas, raise it to 500°C at a rate of 1°C / min and hold it for 2 hours; then raise it to 1300°C at a rate of 3°C / min and hold it for 2 hours; then cool it down to room temperature naturally, take out the material, and crush it to get The final amorphous carbon material. After measurement, the carbon production rate is 60%. Its X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern see figure 2 , the d of the amorphous carbon material can be obtained from the XRD pattern 002 = 0.398nm, L c = 0.834nm. Its Raman spectrum see image 3 , the amorphous carbon material L can be obtained from the Raman spectrum a = 4.382nm. Figure 4 The scanning electron microscope (SEM) picture of the amorphous carbon material prepared for this examp...

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Abstract

The invention discloses a pyrolysis amorphous carbon material and a preparation method and application thereof. The pyrolysis amorphous carbon material is shaped as particles, the average grain size of the particles is 1-100 micrometers, a d<002> value is between 0.35 nanometer and 0.44 nanometer, an L<c> value is between 0.5 nanometer and 4 nanometers, and an L value is between 3 nanometers and 5 nanometers. The preparation method comprises the following steps of: adding a hard carbon precursor and a soft carbon precursor into a solvent and fully mixing to obtain a slurry; drying the slurry and crosslinking and curing the slurry for 0.5 to 5 hours in an inert atmosphere with a condition of 200-600 DEG C; carrying out high-temperature treatment for 0.5 to 10 hours in the inert atmosphere with a condition of 1,000-1,600 DEG C; and cooling to obtain the pyrolysis amorphous carbon material. The material is wide in application, and particularly serves as an anode material of a sodium ion secondary battery or a lithium ion secondary battery.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention relates to the field of material technology, in particular to a pyrolysis amorphous carbon material and its preparation method and application. Background technique [0002] Lithium-ion batteries are widely used in mobile devices due to their high voltage, high specific energy density, and high safety, and have been initially applied in the field of electric vehicles; while sodium-ion batteries are widely used in large-scale storage due to their rich sodium content and low cost. The device has broad application prospects. [0003] Graphite material is currently the main anode material used in lithium-ion batteries, but it has disadvantages such as low discharge efficiency in the first week, poor cycle performance, and high selectivity to electrolyte. For sodium-ion batteries, due to thermodynamic reasons, sodium ions cannot be reversibly deintercalated in graphite materials, so graphite materials are not suitable for sodium-ion batteries...

Claims

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Application Information

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IPC IPC(8): H01M4/587H01M4/62H01M4/133
CPCH01M4/133H01M4/583H01M4/587Y02E60/10
Inventor 胡勇胜李云明陈立泉
Owner INST OF PHYSICS - CHINESE ACAD OF SCI
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