The invention relates to an artificial wetland high-efficiency pre-aeration sewage treatment system, which comprises a bar screen, a primary sedimentation tank, a venturi, a splash board and an artificial wetland connected in turn, wherein the bar screen is positioned in the front of the primary sedimentation tank; the inlet of the gradually reducing part of the venturi is connected with the upper part of the primary sedimentation tank through a high-pressure pump, the throat part is connected with the atmosphere through an air inlet pipe, and the outlet of the gradually expanding part is provided with a jet pipe extending forwards; and the splash board is positioned above the artificial wetland in front of the jet pipe. The artificial wetland adopts a horizontal baffling structure, the water outlet is provided with a water storage tank, and the water storage tank is provided with a backflow pipe connected with the water inlet end of the artificial wetland. The artificial wetland high-efficiency pre-aeration sewage treatment system has a simple structure and reasonable process, and through the high-efficiency aeration of the venturi and the splash board, the artificial wetland high-efficiency pre-aeration sewage treatment system improves the biochemical reaction types and the reaction speed in the artificial wetland, improves the surrounding environment, and is helpful to improve the purification degree of the yielding water of the artificial wetland. The artificial wetland high-efficiency pre-aeration sewage treatment system has the advantages of simple structure, convenient operation and good adaptability, allows the sewage quantity to have large range of variation, and is mainly adapted to the treatment of domestic sewage.