The invention discloses a method for harmless and recycling treatment of stainless steel acid washing waste water neutralization sludge, belonging to the field of harmful and valuable heavy metal resource recovery. The stainless steel acid washing waste water neutralization sludge is leached out by sulphuric acid, harmful and poisonous metals manganese, nickel and chromium enter into the leachate, and harmless treatment is carried out on the sludge. Separation, enrichment and recovery of metal resources of iron, manganese, chromium and nickel in the leachate are realized by adopting goethite method, potassium permanganate oxidation method, anion resin exchange method and chelate resin absorption method respectively, and effluent up to the standard is discharged after treatment or is returned to water consuming link in technologic process. The method of the invention has short technological flow, simple operation, management convenience, high recovery rate of valuable metal resources of manganese, nickel and chromium, recycling of multiple valuable metals is realized while the sludge is subject to harmless treatment, and unification of economic benefit, environmental benefit and social benefit is realized.