The invention discloses a low-smoke low-toxicity flame-retardant hard polyurethane foam material, which comprises 100 parts of polyol, 140-260 parts of isocyanate, 0-35 parts of phosphate, 0-50 partsof flame retardant polyol, 10-45 parts of an inorganic flame retardant complex, 2-5 parts of a foaming agent, 0.5-2 parts of a catalyst, and 0.5-5 parts of a foam stabilizer, wherein the amounts of the phosphate and the flame retardant polyol are not both 0. According to the present invention, the phosphate provides the gas-phase flame retardant effect, the flame retardant polyol is the reactive flame retardant, and can reduce the addition amounts of the phosphate and the inorganic flame retardant while provide the flame retardant effect, and the inorganic flame retardant complex mainly provides effects of condensed phase fire retardation, smoke suppression and toxicity reducing, such that the hard polyurethane foam material with advantages of excellent fire retardation, low smoke generation and low toxic gas generation can be obtained on the basis of the low flame retardant adding amount through the matched use of the three flame retardants; and the low-smoke low-toxicity flame-retardant hard polyurethane foam material has characteristics of good flame retardant performance, low smoke and low toxicity, and the preparation method has characteristics of simpleness, convenience, lowcost and easy operation, and is suitable for industrial production.