703 results about "Alcohol fuel" patented technology

An engine system and method are disclosed for controlling pre-ignition of an alcohol fuel. In one embodiment, the fuel injection timing is adjusted to cause the fuel to avoid combustion chamber surfaces. In another embodiment, the fuel injection timing is adjusted to spray the fuel directly onto the piston surface to cool the piston. Also disclosed is a cylinder cleaning cycle in which engine knock is purposely caused for one to hundreds of engine cycles by adjusting the fuel content away from alcohol toward gasoline. Further measures to cause knock which are disclosed: adjusting spark timing, intake boost, exhaust gas fraction in the cylinder, cam timing, and transmission gear ratio.

There is provided an internal combustion engine that uses a blended fuel consisting of hydrocarbon and alcohol, and can efficiently operate relative to a wide range of required load. The internal combustion engine includes: intake ports 4a and 4b and two injectors 5a and 5b. The injectors include a first injector 5a that injects a hydrocarbon fuel and a second injector 5b that injects an alcohol fuel. An optimum combustion mode is selected according to an operation state, and the ratio of the alcohol is properly adjusted according to the combustion mode. The intake ports includes a first intake port 4a that guides the hydrocarbon fuel to an inner peripheral portion of a combustion chamber, and a second intake port 4c that guides the alcohol fuel to an outer peripheral portion of the combustion chamber to control octane number distribution in a cylinder. The internal combustion engine further includes separating means 8 for adding water to a blended fuel consisting of alcohol and hydrocarbon to separate into the alcohol fuel consisting of the alcohol and the water and the hydrocarbon fuel.

The preparation of novel vehicle alcohols environment-friendly fuel aims to overcome a plurality of defects caused by replacing alcohols fuel with gasoline. The invention discloses the novel vehicle alcohols environment-friendly fuel which comprises the following components of 50-95 parts of main alcohols fuel, 3-30 parts of low-temperature ignition auxiliary material, 0.1-20 parts of burning value reinforcing agent, 0-15 parts of dispersant, 0-0.05 part of smoke abatement burning agent, 0-5 parts of ignition accelerating agent, 0-0.04 part of antioxidant, 0-0.3 part of emulsification dispersing agent, 0-0.08 part of metal anticorrosion inhibiter, 0-0.8 part of rubber plastic anti-dissolving additive, 0-8 parts of air-resistance regulating agent, 0-6 parts of fuel lubricating agent and 0-0.7 part of glyoxylic acid neutralizer. According to the novel vehicle alcohols environment-friendly fuel, low temperature ignitability is improved, dynamic performance is enhanced, burning is sufficient, discharging is environment-friendly and free form pollution, corrosivity of the alcohols fuel on metal can be controlled, swelling performance of the alcohols fuel on rubber can be controlled and the air resistance phenomenon can be effectively prevented.

Improved alcohol reforming processes and reformed alcohol power systems utilizing those processes are disclosed. In preferred embodiments, the alcohol reforming processes utilize a thermally conductive reforming catalyst that allows efficient, low-temperature reforming of an alcohol fuel to produce a reformate gas mixture comprising hydrogen. The present invention makes possible the efficient utilization of alcohol fuels in an internal combustion engine to generate electrical or mechanical power such as in vehicular applications.

A PtNi alloy / graphene combined nanometer catalyst with a hollow structure adopts the graphene as a carrier and loads the PtNi alloy nanometer particles of which the grain diameter is 10-50 nm on the surface of the graphene, wherein the PtNi alloy nanometer particles are hollow spherical structures. The method for preparing the combined catalyst comprises the following steps: dispersing the graphene oxide in water liquor to which surfactant is added through ultrasound; uniformly mixing with soluble nickel salt (II); adding the reducing agent in inert gas atmosphere; adding soluble platinum salt (IV); stirring at 0-50 DEG C to execute the reduction reaction; centrifuging, washing and drying the reaction product to obtain the PtNi alloy / graphene combined nanometer catalyst with the hollow structure. The PtNi alloy / graphene combined nanometer catalyst with the hollow structure in the invention has good electro-catalytic property on electrochemical oxidation of methyl alcohol, and can be widely applied in methyl alcohol fuel cells.

The invention belongs to the field of carbon materials and electrochemistry, and discloses a heteroatom-doped porous graphite electro-catalyst and preparation and application thereof as well as a device. The method comprises the following steps: firstly adding concentrated HNO3 into a graphite oxide aqueous solution, performing sealing, ultrasonic reaction and stewing, and pouring the solution into deionized water for centrifugation, filtering and drying to obtain graphite oxide with holes in the surface; uniformly mixing the graphite oxide with holes in the surface, a heteroatom-doped source compound and a solvent to obtain a mixture, coating the surface of a substrate with the mixture, and performing freeze drying to obtain a solid thin film; putting the substrate loaded with the solid thin film into a plasma high-temperature tubular reactor for reaction to obtain the heteroatom-doped porous graphite electro-catalyst. The prepared electro-catalyst is higher in oxygen reduction electro-catalytic performance and is higher in electrochemical performance when applied in an electrode material; the electro-catalyst can be applied to the field of proton exchange membrane fuel batteries, direct alcohol fuel batteries and metal-air battery anode materials.

The present invention discloses an air-intake alcohol-spraying device of desel engine and its spray control method. Said device is mainly formed from nozzle mounted in the air inlet tube of engine ornozzle mounted in the inlet channel of every cylinder, electric control unit for driving nozzle to open or close it and various sensors of engine load, rotating speed, cam shaft position and cooling water temp. for transferring information to electric control unit. Said invention can substituted diesel oil by partial alcohol fuel, so that the carbon smoke discharge can be reduced by 40%, at the same time the discharge of NOx also can be reduced by above 30%.

The present invention is a hybrid system for generating power from hydrocarbon and alcohol fuels using a two-stage process to achieve high overall energy conversion efficiency. The first stage is a reformer and fuel cell subsystem that uses an internal combustion engine operated at an air / fuel ratio richer than stoichiometric as a partial oxidation reformer for commonly available liquid or gaseous hydrocarbon or alcohol fuels. The engine produces shaft power and a product gas mixture containing hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and traces of light hydrocarbons that is used as fuel in fuel cells to generate electric power. The second stage is a heat engine subsystem that captures heat from the reformer and fuel cell subsystem, and produces additional shaft power. In addition to efficiency, advantages include adaptability to a variety of fuels, quick system startup with immediate shaft power availability, and low emission of pollutantants.

Cetane improvers based on triglycerides and petroleum fractions are disclosed that are at least one half as effective as commercially sold cetane improvers. In each case, the cetane improvers are nitrates produced through the nitration of medium to long chain compounds containing a double bond. Applications include use with diesel and alcohol fuels intended for use in diesel engines. The nitrates have advantages due to their good performance relative to their nitrogen content. Observed properties of some products indicate they also have lubricity and / or detergency enhancing capabilities when used with diesel fuel.

A homogeneous charge compression ignition internal combustion engine capable of reliably reducing flame noise at a time of high-load operation is provided. The engine includes an injector 12a which injects a liquid hydrocarbon fuel to an intake port 23, and an injector 12b which directly injects an alcohol fuel into a combustion chamber 21. The liquid hydrocarbon fuel is distributed to an outer peripheral side of the combustion chamber 21, and the alcohol fuel is distributed to a central portion. The engine includes intake valves 25a and 25b, and divides an intake stroke into a period in which the intake valve 25a is stopped and a fuel-gas mixture is flown, and a period in which the intake valves 25a and 25b are operated and the flow is suppressed, guides the liquid hydrocarbon fuel into the combustion chamber 21 during the flow period, and injects the alcohol fuel to the combustion chamber 21 during the flow suppression period. The engine includes separating means for mixing water into a composite fuel of the liquid hydrocarbon and alcohol and separating it into an alcohol-water mixture solution and the liquid hydrocarbon, supplying means 6 for supplying the liquid hydrocarbon to the injector 12a, and supplying means 9 for supplying the alcohol-water mixture solution to the injector 12b.

The invention relates to a structure of a direct alcohol fuel cell membrane electrode aggregate. The membrane aggregate sequentially comprises a support layer, an anode micropore layer, an anode catalysis layer, a Nafion film, cathode catalysis layers, a cathode micropore layer and a cathode support layer. The structure is characterized in that the cathode catalysis layers are in hydrophobic and graded distribution, i.e. dual layers, three layers or multiple layers of prepared cathode catalysis layers the hydrophobicity of which is gradually changed; and a preparation method of the membrane aggregate comprises the following steps of: with carbon paper or carbon cloth as the support layer, coating a micropore dispersion layer formed by various carbon materials and a polytetrafluoroethylenebinder according to the requirements; then coating slurry formed by a precious metal-based catalyzer, Nafion resin and the like; and carrying out hot pressing on an anode and a cathode and the Nafionfilm through a proper hot treatment step and the like under certain conditions to obtain MEA (Mono Etobaccool Amine). Because the cathode catalysis layer structure in the hydrophobic and graded distribution improves the mass transfer of cathode oxygen and the catalyzer use ratio, the power density and the discharging stability are improved.

The invention is a kind of alcohol clean fuel containing following components mixed evenly: methanol, alcohol-petrol combination, isopropanol, fuel accelator, clean dispersant, anti-corrosion agent, metallo catalyst, deicing agent, stability agent, anfioxidant agent, and explosion-resistent agent. The fuel can be use in the realm of vehicle and can be mixed with lead-free petrol by any proportion. In addition, this fuel applies to any gasoline-motivated vehicle without changing the engine. Moreover, the fuel is environmental and can effectively reduce the emission of harmful substance in end gas, such as CO, CH and NOx. And the fuel cannot erode aluminium, cast iron, copper, and so forth and the swelling phenomena can be reduced by using this fuel instead of lead-free petrol. Additionally, an easy production and a low cost make this invention a vast-foreground environmental clean fuel.

The invention relates to a multifunctional alcohol fuel additive, aiming at resolving such technical problems existing in prior alcohol fuel as the mutual solubility, the power performance and the stability are poor, cleaning degrees of oil products and fuel oil system are poor and the corrosion and the air resistance of methanol gasoline can not be effectively handled. The additive comprises following components in portion by volume: 50 to 60 portions of cosolvent, 5 to 10 portions of corrosion inhibitor, 0 to 30 portions of detergent dispersant, 0 to 10 portions of rubber plasticizer and 0 to 15 portions of vapor pressure inhibitor. The additive has the advantages of high octane value, strong power performance, good stability, desirable mutual solubility, environmental protection and energy conservation, and can effectively inhibit metallic corrosion, improve the cleanness of oil products and resolve the problems of air resistance.

The invention relates to a highly cleaning, environmental-friendly and energy-saving gasoline, which is prepared from the following materials and additives in portion by weight: 15-25 portions of methanol, 60-80 portions of component gasoline, 1-2 portions of octane number reinforcing agent, 1-2 portions of antiknock agent, 0.2-0.4 portion of antioxidant, 0.1-1 portion of efficient dispersing agent, 0.1-1 portion of rubber anti-sweller, 0.1-1 portion of alcohol fuel corrosion inhibitor, and 0.2-0.4 portion of oil-saving, smoke-eliminating and synergistic detergent. The preparation process hasthe following steps of: adding the raw materials and the additives into an agitation tank in proportion for mixing at normal temperature and under normal pressure; stirring the mixture for 15-30 minutes and recycling the stirred mixture for 15-30 minutes; and removing order with coconut shell active carbon through a filtration tower, and carrying out de-coloring to obtain a finished product. The highly clean, environmental-friendly and energy-saving gasoline of the invention is prepared from the methanol, the component gasoline and the compound additive through repeated experiments, running tests and scientific arrangements. The highly clean, environmental-friendly and energy-saving gasoline is characterized by stable performance, full burning, reliable quality, cleanness, environmental protection, convenient use, high efficiency, oil saving, economy and energy saving, and the like.

The invention relates to a preparation method of a nitrogen-doped hollow carbon ball loaded palladium-based catalyst, which comprises the following steps of: dispersing o-phenylenediamine in a solvent for being stirred at a low temperature, adding an initiator for reacting for 12-24h, then extracting and filtering, and drying in vacuum to obtain a poly(o-phenylenediamine) hollow ball; pyrolyzing an o-phenylenediamine polymer at a high temperature for 2-6h under the protection of an inert gas to obtain a nitrogen-doped hollow carbon ball; and dispersing the nitrogen-doped hollow carbon ball into water, adding a chloropalladic acid solution for ultrasonic treatment, adding a reducing agent for ultrasonic treatment, extracting and filtering after the reaction is completed, and drying in vacuum to obtain the nitrogen-doped hollow carbon ball loaded palladium-based catalyst. The nitrogen-doped hollow carbon ball loaded palladium-based catalyst prepared by adopting the preparation method has the nitrogen content of 10.4-22.4wt%, has the advantages of excellent oxidization reaction catalysis property to alcohol, stable performance, low preparation cost and simple preparation process, and is a novel high-performance catalyst for a low-temperature direct alcohol fuel cell anode.

A Renewable Fischer Tropsch Synthesis (RFTS) process produces hydrocarbons and alcohol fuels from wind energy, waste CO2 and water. The process includes (A) electrolyzing water to generate hydrogen and oxygen, (B) generating syngas in a reverse water gas shift (RWGS) reactor, (C) driving the RWGS reaction to the right by condensing water from the RWGS products and separating CO using a CuAlCl4-aromatic complexing method, (D) using a compressor with variable stator nozzles, (E) carrying out the FTS reactions in a high-temperature multi-tubular reactor, (F) separating the FTS products using high-pressure fractional condensation, (G) separating CO2 from product streams for recycling through the RWGS reactor, and (H) using control methods to maintain temperatures of the reactors, electrolyzer, and condensers at optima that are functions of the flow rate. The RFTS process may also include heat engines, a refrigeration cycle utilizing compressed oxygen, and a dual-source organic Rankine cycle.

There is provided a fuel lubricated sliding mechanism including a pair of sliding parts having respective sliding portions slidable relative to each other in the presence of fuel. At least one of the sliding portions of the sliding parts has a hard carbon coating formed with a hydrogen content of 30 atomic % or less. The fuel is selected from the group consisting of gasoline, light oil, alcohol fuel, biodiesel fuel and GTL fuel.

The present invention relates to a preparation method of Pt / CNT electrode catalyst carried by carbon nano tube. It is characterized by that the carbon nano tube can be used as carrier, a light-catalyzed in-situ chemical reduction precipitation method is utilized, and the ethylalcohol (or formaldehyde) can be used as reduction agent, and the chloroplatinic acid can be reduced and deposited on the activated carbon nano tube so as to obtain the invented Pt / CNTs catalyst with high activity for proton, exchange membrane fuel cell direct methyl alcohol fuel cell. As compared with existent electrodecatalyst said invention features large specific surface area, high porosity, good dispersion property and low platinum use level.

The invention discloses a method and a device for controlling a gasoline alcohol flexible fuel engine, wherein the method comprises supply and injection of gasoline and supply and injection of alcohols; the working mode comprises that the engine is started by using a mode of original vehicle gasoline and a gasoline nozzle injects gasoline to keep the engine working normally; when a select switch of the alcohol fuel is closed, an alcohol controller detects the cooling liquid temperature and the engine oil temperature of the engine: if the cooling liquid temperature and the engine oil temperature reach the evaporation point of the alcohols, the alcohol controller starts to receive an oil injection pulse sent by an gasoline controller and convert the oil injection pulse into the injection pulse width of the alcohol fuel; the alcohol controller converts the oil injection pulse into an alcohol injection pulse and controls an alcohol nozzle to work; the modes that the gasoline controller controls the gasoline injection and the alcohol controller controls the alcohol injection are switched in proportion and are performed alternately; and after the alcohol nozzle finishes 8 to 10 seconds of working cycle of the engine through continuous injection, the gasoline nozzle finishes 1 to 2 seconds of working cycle through injection, and the operations are repeated alternately.

The invention provides a noble-metal / composite metal oxide / carbon nanometer tubular electro-catalyst and a preparation method and an application thereof, which belong to the technical field of the nanometer composite material, and are characterized in that: by utilizing the controllability of the hydrotalcite slab composition and the designability of the structure, Pt2+, Pd2+ and Ni2+, Co2+, Mg2+, Al3+ and Fe3+ ions are introduced into the slab so as to synthesize a layered dual-metal hydroxide precursor containing the noble metal elements. The Pt2+ and Pd2+ can be highly scattered and uniformly distributed on the molecule level, and the Pt2+ and Pd2+ can be used as a catalyst after being reduced to catalyze the growth of the carbon nanometer tube loading the noble metal particles and the composite electro-catalyst which is highly doped with the composite metal oxide. The method not only can effectively disperse the noble metal catalyst and controls the growth of the noble metal catalyst on the carbon nanometer tube and the composite metal oxide, but also strengthens the electro-catalyzing property of the noble metal which is loaded in the carbon nanometer tube and the composite metal oxide network matrix. The electro-catalyst is used as an electrode in the alcohol fuel battery, the specific activity of the electro-catalyst on the maximum peak value of the alcohol oxidation can reach 120 to 200 mA.mg-1. The preparation method realizes the integration, has simple operation, is free from the environmental pollution, and is applicable to the industrialization process.

Mixed alcohol formulas can be used as a fuel additive in gasoline, diesel, jet fuel, aviation gasoline, heating oil, bunker oil, coal, petroleum coke or as a neat fuel in and of itself. The mixed alcohols formulations can contain C1-C5 alcohols, or in the alternative, C1-C8 alcohols or higher C1-C10 alcohols in order to boost energy content. The C1-C5 mixed alcohols contain more ethanol than methanol with declining amounts of propanol, butanol and pentanol. C1-C8 mixed alcohols contain the same, with declining amounts of hexanol, heptanol and octanol. C1-C10 mixed alcohols contain the same, with declining amounts of nananol and decanol. Synthetically produced mixed alcohol formulas feature higher octane and energy densities than either MTBE or fermented grain ethanol; more stable Reid Vapor Pressure blending characteristics; and increased soluablizing effects on condensate water. The primary benefits of mixed alcohols are increased combustion efficiencies, reduced emissions profiles and low production costs.

Alcohol fuel can be produced by: treating raw materials, fermenting, refining, molecular sieve adsorption dewatering, and waste liquid treating. A thermal coupling is used to connect dewatering and condense distilling procedures, i.e., gas alcohol from refining process is fed to molecular adsorption dewatering process after thermal coupling condensation and distillation. Heat energy released from cold condensation is used as heat energy for distillation. None of energy is needed any more. The raw materials may be corn, rice, wheat, Chenese sorghum, dry sweet potato, cassawa, sugarcane juice, sugarbeet juice, or green cyrup, etc.

The invention discloses a method for preparing a Pd-based nano-catalyst used for alcohol fuel cells directly, which is characterized in that the following steps are included sequentially: A. carbon carrier or carbon carrier and stabilizing agent are added into polylol and are dispersed evenly to acquire serum containing carbon; B. precursor and the precursor with metallic additions are added into the serum containing carbon which is evenly dispersed; C. the serum acquired is carried out oil bath and reduction for 2-10 hours at the temperature of 125-198 DEG C; D. the serum is cooled to the room temperature and then filtrated, repeatedly washed with ultrapure water and placed in a backing oven for vacuum drying, thus acquiring the Pd-based catalyst. The method of the invention prepares the Pd-based nano-catalyst by reducing by glycol directly or by thermal treatment after reducing by the glycol, which is a preparation technology with simple preparation process, convenient operation, short procedure, high recovery rate and environment-friendly property.

In an internal combustion engine adapted to combust alcohol blend fuels (i.e., fuels containing greater than 20% alcohol by volume), a dilute combustion mixture (e.g., with substantial EGR), intake air cooling, and latent cooling caused by vaporization of the alcohol fuel, are used together with a compact combustion chamber (in which the distance between the spark plug tip and furthest point of the combustion chamber is less than one-half the cylinder bore diameter) and controlled spark retardation to enable the use of a high compression ratio (greater than 15:1), for improved efficiency without triggering auto-ignition. Thermal brake efficiency significantly exceeds that for conventional gasoline engines, thereby improving the potential cost-effectiveness of alcohol fuels. Stoichiometric operation is used for optimal emissions control.

An oil dilution inhibiting apparatus is mounted on a vehicle provided with an engine in which alcohol fuel can be used, the oil dilution inhibiting apparatus provided with: an intake amount integrating device for integrating amount of an air sucked into the engine while the engine is in operation, thereby calculating an integrated intake amount; a temperature detecting device for detecting oil temperature of engine oil of the engine; and a controlling device for controlling the vehicle to move into an oil heating mode in which the oil temperature is increased in such conditions that the calculated integrated intake amount is greater than an integrated intake amount threshold value and that the detected oil temperature is less than a first temperature threshold value.

This invention relates to a structure of a fuel battery membrane electrode(MEA) and it preparing method. The said MEA is composed of a proton exchange membrane, a catalyst layer and a diffused layer applying porous metal material to combine the diffused layer with the collector.

The invention relates to an imidazolyl ionic liquid and preparation of an alkaline anion exchange membrane with the same. The preparation includes the following three steps: synthesis of an imidazolium salt, synthesis of imidazolyl cross-linked copolymer, and preparation of an imidazolyl cross-linked type alkaline anion exchange membrane, and at the same time on the basis, the step of preparation of an oxyhydrogen type imidazolyl cross-linked alkaline anion exchange membrane can be added so as to further improve the conductivity of the membrane. The ionic liquid involved in the invention substitutes the 2-position of an imidazole ring, thus avoiding imidazole group ring opening and degradation occurring under the attack of hydroxyl ions, and enhancing the stability of the imidazole group. And the method of applying the imidazolyl ionic liquid to preparation of the alkaline anion exchange membrane has the advantages of environmental friendliness, simple process, and can realize large-scale production. The prepared imidazolyl cross-linked alkaline anion exchange membrane has a uniform, smooth and compact surface, and has good conductivity, good thermal stability and chemical stability. By applying the alkaline anion exchange membrane to alkaline direct alcohol fuel cells, a single battery has the advantages of high performance, and obvious performance advantages, etc.