The invention provides an flame-retardant and environmentally-friendly polyurethane cable material. The cable material is prepared from the following raw materials, by weight, 20-30 parts of chloroprene rubber, 60-80 parts of a polyurethane thermoplastic elastomer, 8-10 parts of acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber, 8-10 parts of chlorinated paraffin, 0.5-1.0 part of stearic acid, 1-3 parts of barium stearate, 4-6 parts of iron oxide, 0.5-1.0 part of ammonium trimolybdate, 30-50 parts of precipitated silica, 10-13 parts of modified argil, 0.5-1.0 part of capsaicin, 0.1-0.3 parts of an antioxidant AW, 0.5-1.5 parts of a promoter TMTD, 0.2-0.5 parts of sulfur, 8-10 parts of decabromodiphenyl oxide, 12-15 parts of antimony (III) oxide and 6-8 parts of zinc borate hydrate. The cable material has the advantages of excellent flame retardation, very less smoke in combustion, no generation of toxic gases or corrosive gases, good low temperature resistance, good oil resistance, and good abrasion resistance, and the cables processed through using the cable material can prevent the harms of mice and termites and simultaneously have the efficacies of low smoke, environmental protection and flame retardation.