2566 results about "Sulfate radicals" patented technology

A low molecular weight polyether oligomer is modified with a salt during chain extending reaction of the polyether oligomer to form electrostatic dissipative polymer products such as polyurethanes, polyether amide block copolymers and polyether-ester block copolymers. The reaction product polymers exhibit relatively low surface and volume resistivities, and static decay times which are not too fast or too slow, yet are free of excessive amounts of extractable anions, particularly chlorine, nitrate, phosphate and sulfate. The electrostatic dissipative polymers can be blended with a variety of base polymers to form plastic alloys, which in turn can be utilized to form articles useful in the manufacture of electrostatic sensitive electronic devices.

The invention discloses a method for continuously preparing regenerated cellulose fibers through the solvent method, comprising the following steps that: a cellulose raw material is dissolved into an ion liquid to prepare a spinning liquid; gel type regenerated cellulose fibers are obtained through spinning; and the regenerated cellulose fibers are obtained through cleaning, rear draft and drying, wherein, the ion liquid is selected from one or a plurality among the following ion liquids: a). an ion liquid with 1, 3-dialkyl imidazole as a cation and formiate radical, radical vinegar or propionate radical as an anion; and b). an ion liquid with 1-R1-3-R2- dialkyl imidazole as the cation and chlorine, bromine, iodine, formiate radical, radical vinegar, sulfate radical, nitrate radical, tetrafluoroborate radical, thiocyanate radical, hexafluorophosphate radical, p-toluenesulfonate radical or trifluoromethanesulfonic acid radical as the anion. The method has the advantages of wide technological range, mild temperature condition, adequate pressure, quick spinning speed and so on, can prepare the regenerated cellulose fibers with superior performance and complete specifications, and has low production cost, high production efficiency and wide application prospect.

A process and an apparatus are described for treating seven types of saline waters each having a concentration of total dissolved solids exceeding 1 g / L, wherein the concentration of total dissolved solids, the ratio of the chloride ion concentration to the bicarbonate ion concentration and the ratio of the chloride ion concentration to the sulphate ion concentration of each of the water types are as indicated in Table 1. The process includes the steps of contacting the water with a first reagent comprising a source of calcium ions selected from calcium oxide and calcium hydroxide to form a first solid product which is recovered. The process includes a further step of subjecting at least a portion of the partially processed water to at least partial evaporation so as to promote the formation of a precipitate and a mother liquor. The precipitate is recovered as a second product.

The room temperature ionic liquid containing unsaturated double bond has the general expressino of A+B-, where A+ contains R1 being hydroxyl with 1-4 carbon atoms and R2 containing 2-20 carbon atoms and at least one double bond; and B- is one of anions, including chlorate radical, bromate radical, iodate radical, acetate radical, sulfate radical, nitrate radical, tetrafluorobromate radical, etc. Its preparation is to mixture and react olefin halide R1X and N-alkyl imidazole to obtain ionic liquid dialkyl imidazolium halide. The present invention also relates to the application of the ionic liquid in dissolving cellulose and preparing cellulose derivative.

The nanofiltration process is suitable for Mg-Li separation and Li enriching of Li containing bittern or Li containing solution from salt lake to prepare lithium carbonate or lithium chloride with the Li enriching bittern. Nanofiltration membrane is used in separating and enriching lithium from lithium containing bittern, which contains Mg, Ca and other cations and sulfate radical and other anions and has Li ion concentration of 0.1-11.5 g / L and Mg / Li ion weight ratio 1-200, to obtain lithium enriched bittern suitable for preparing lithium carbonate or lithium chloride. The said process is effective, and can obtain lithium enriched bittern with Mg / Li ion weight ratio 0.6-5 and Li ion content of 0.6-20 g / L.

A process and an apparatus are described for treating seven types of saline waters each having a concentration of total dissolved solids exceeding 1 g / L, wherein the concentration of total dissolved solids, the ratio of the chloride ion concentration to the bicarbonate ion concentration and the ratio of the chloride ion concentration to the sulphate ion concentration of each of the water types are as indicated in Table 1. The process includes the steps of contacting the water with a first reagent comprising a source of calcium ions selected from calcium oxide and calcium hydroxide to form a first solid product which is recovered. The process includes a further step of subjecting at least a portion of the partially processed water to at least partial evaporation so as to promote the formation of a precipitate and a mother liquor. The precipitate is recovered as a second product.

The invention belongs to the field of chemical materials, and particularly relates to a FeS and Fe0 composite and a preparation method and application thereof. The FeS and Fe0 composite is formed by compositing nano FeS and nano Fe0, the surface of the nano Fe0 is coated with the nano FeS, and the molar ratio of the nano FeS to the nano Fe0 is 2:1 to 15:1. According to the FeS and Fe0 composite and the preparation method and application thereof, the preparation process is simple, convenient, environmentally friendly and feasible, the prepared FeS and Fe0 composite is high in reaction activity, capable of efficiently and rapidly reducing and adsorbing heavy metal ions in waste water within a wider temperature range, a pH value range and a dissolved oxygen content range and further capable of rapidly and efficiently activating hydrogen peroxide and persulfate to make a system generate hydroxyl free radicals and sulfate free radicals to degrade and mineralize organic pollutants, and therefore the FeS and Fe0 composite can be widely applied to degradation of the organic pollutants in surface water and underground water.

The present invention relates to graft polymer which is characterized in that it is formed by graft polymerization of structural units containing. a quaternary ammonium group represented by general formula (A),(R2 and R3 each represent an alkyl group with from 1 to 3 carbons, and R4 represents an alkyl group with from 3 to 18 carbons. X represents at least one type of ion selected from halogen, sulphate, hydroxide and carboxylic acid ions.),preferably to graft polymer where the structural units containing a quaternary ammonium group represented by general formula (A) are structural units which are represented by general formula (I),(R1 represents at least one species selected from hydrogen, the methyl group and the ethyl group, and n represents an integer in the range 1 to 12. A represents at least one species selected from O, S and NR5. R5 represents hydrogen or an alkyl group with 1 to 12 carbons.) orgraft polymer formed by the graft polymerization of structural units containing a quaternary ammonium group and structural units containing an alkoxypolyalkylene glycol moiety represented by the general formula (B),(n represents an integer in the range 1 to 100. R5 represents a straight-chain or branched alkylene group with from 1 to 4 carbons, and R6 represents at least one species selected from hydrogen and straight-chain or branched alkyl groups with from 1 to 4 carbons.).By applying or incorporating the graft polymer to / in medical devices which are left in the body for a long period, it is possible to prevent microbial infection arising via these medical devices.

The invention provides a processing technique of waste water containing antibiotic and the purpose thereof, wherein, the technique adopts the following steps: pretreatment, two-phase anaerobic, improving SBR, immobilized microorganism-aeration biological filter, and improving the coagulating sedimentation combination technique. The detailed technique is introduced in the specification. The invention has the advantages that the industrial waste water is pretreated and the two-phase anaerobic technique is adopted, the great mass of sulfate radical is eliminated, the treatment effect for producing firedamp anaerobic phase and the stability of operation are improved, the energy is recycled and the operating cost is lowered; through the immobilized microorganism-aeration biological filter, the biological treatment effect is improved, and the operating cost for back end processing is lowered; the deep processing can ensure that the waste water is discharged by reaching the standard, and can meet the requirement to the upgrade and reorganization of sewage treatment plants when the environment protection standard is improved in the future. The invention has the purpose that the processing technique not only is applicable to the treatment for the waster water containing antibiotic and the upgrade and reorganization of the prior engineering of sewage disposal, but also is applicable to the engineering of sewage disposal and other sewage disposals with high salt content, high sulfate radical content, high ammonia and nitrogen content, high COD content and higher concentration organic matter which is hard to be degraded.

The invention discloses a preparation method of a graphene oxide dispersion liquid, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: performing ultrasonic treatment so as to obtain a sulfate-intercalated graphite / sulfuric acid mixture; adding potassium permanganate into the obtained sulfate-intercalated graphite / sulfuric acid mixture for a medium-temperature oxidation reaction to obtain a preliminary graphite oxide; performing a high-temperature hydrolysis reaction to obtain a graphite oxide with a hydrophilic group; adding hydrogen peroxide and continuously performing an oxidation reaction to obtain luminous yellow graphite oxide turbid liquid; centrifuging or filtering to obtain claybank mud-like or cake-like object, and treating with a mixed solution of hydrogen peroxide and concentrated sulfuric acid to obtain graphite oxide with a great quantity of hydrophilic groups; washing and vacuum-drying to obtain pure graphite oxide, adding into a solvent and performing ultrasonic treatment to obtain graphene oxide dispersion liquid. The graphene oxide in the graphene oxide dispersion liquid has good dispersity, good stability and relatively large slice. By adopting the preparation method, the process steps are simplified, and the production cost and energy consumption are reduced; the emission of NO2 / N2O4 toxic gas is avoided in the reaction process, thereby being environment-friendly.

The invention discloses a method for the production of phosphoric acid and the combined production of a-hemihydrate gypsum through a dehydrate-hemihydrate wet phosphoric acid technology. A dehydrate part production technology is characterized in that the reaction tank temperature is 70-80DEG C, the retention time is 1.5-3h, the free sulfate radical concentration is 1-2%, and the produced wet phosphoric acid concentration omega(P2O5) is 35-39%. A hemihydrate part production technology is characterized in that the reaction tank temperature is 86-94DEG C, the retention time is 1-2h, and the mass concentration of free sulfate radicals is 6-8%. Phosphoric acid produced through the hemihydrate technology has a concentration omega(P2O5) of 10-15% and is used as a recycle acid of the dehydrate part, the crystal water content of the combined-production hemihydrate gypsum is 5-7%, the mass percentage of free P2O5 in gypsum is less than 0.4%, and the crystal form of the produced hemihydrate gypsum is a-hemihydrate gypsum. Compared with the dehydrate technology, the method disclosed in the invention improves the phosphoric acid concentration and improves the phosphorus recovery rate to above 98%, and the combined-production a-hemihydrate gypsum can be directly used as a building gypsum product, so energy consumption saving is realized.

PCT No. PCT / JP97 / 02341 Sec. 371 Date Feb. 27, 1998 Sec. 102(e) Date Feb. 27, 1998 PCT Filed Jul. 7, 1997 PCT Pub. No. WO98 / 02308 PCT Pub. Date Jan. 22, 1998The present invention provides an antistatic polyester film having an antistatic layer formed of an antistatic agent (A) composed mainly of a polymer having a recurring unit of a structure expressed by the following formula (I) on at least one surface of a polyester film wherein R1 and R2 are each H or CH3, R3 is an alkylene group having a carbon number of 2 to 10, R4 and R5 are each a saturated hydrocarbon group having a carbon number of 1 to 5, R6 is an alkylene group having a carbon number of 2 to 5, n is a number of 0 to 40, m is a number of 1 to 40, and Y- is a halogen ion, a mono- or polyhalogenated alkyl ion, nitrate ion, sulfate ion, an alkylsulfate ion, sulfonate ion or an alkylsulfonate ion.

The invention discloses a system and a method for desulfurizing, denitrifying and removing mercury based on photoactivation ammonium persulfate. The system is mainly provided with a boiler or kiln, a deduster, a flue gas temperature regulator, a photochemistry reactor, a liquid spraying system as well as a byproduct post-processing system. Flue gas discharged from the boiler or kiln enters the photochemistry reactor arranged on a flue channel after being subjected to dedusting and temperature regulation, and an ammonium persulfate solution from the liquid spraying system is sprayed into the photochemistry reactor in a mist form; an UV (ultraviolet) lamp in the photochemistry reactor emits UV light to perform catalytic decomposition on ammonium persulfate, releases sulfate radical free radicals with high oxidizing property (SO4-.), and meanwhile oxidizes and removes SO2, NOx and mercury in the flue gas. Oxidized products are subjected to resource utilization after being processed by the byproduct post-processing system. The method has the prominent advantages that the method can be used for removing multiple pollutants in coal burned flue gas synchronously, has no secondary pollution during removing, and can be used for transforming aging units and the like, and the system is a novel flue gas purifying system with a wide application prospect.

The present invention relates to preparation process of sodium alginate / chitosan mixture gel capable of being used as biodegradable medicine carrier. The preparation process includes the following steps: 1. forming homogeneous transparent alginate and chitosan solution in 1-5 wt% concentration each with alginate in 5-95 wt% and chitosan in 5-95 wt%, and adding acetic acid; 2. preparing alginate / chitosan mixture sol; 3. dropping the sol into 1.5-3 wt% concentration calcium chloride or sodium sulfate solution; 4. preparing alginate / chitosan-calcium ion-sulfate radical double cross-linked gel grain; and 5. soaking in absolute ethanol for 2-5 min, vacuum drying to obtain alginate / chitosan mixture gel grain of 300-1000 micron grain size. The alginate / chitosan mixture gel grain of the present invention has high pH sensitivity and the preparation process is safe and simple.

The invention discloses compound amino acid injecta, which contains arginine hydrochloride, histidine monohydrochloride, leucine, isoleucine, lysine hydrochloride and the like; meanwhile, the invention further discloses a preparation method of the compound amino acid injecta (18AA); in the event of ensuring the product quality, the compound amino acid injecta has the characteristics of saving energy and enhancing efficacy; by means of repetitive verification on precision, detection limit, quantitation limit, linear range and the like, a simple, convenient, rapid and reliable method with cleaning verification is ensured; furthermore, the residual quantity of antioxygen, namely sodium hydrogensulfite, in the compound amino acid injecta and sulphate ion generated by degrading sodium hydrogensulfite are detected according to an ion chromatography principle, thus, the amount of the antioxygen charged in the raw material proportioning can be accurately measured, and the stability of the raw material proportioning process is judged according to the measurement result; and a detection method of the compound amino acid injecta provided by the invention is an online derivative amino acid content measuring method, the speed is rapid, and the method is applied to large-scale detection.

The invention provides antisludging agent and the application method thereof. The antisluding agent comprises polyether polyamino methylene phosphonates, polyepoxysuccinic acid, Aroset and organic phosphonic acid. The antisludging agent is applicable in the water quality with dense calcium, dense sulfate radical and soluble silica, and has great antisludging and dispersing effect. The antisludgingagent which is led into the high-density reverse osmosis water treatment system is added to effectively restrict polcard, sulfate, silicate and other inorganic salts from being deposited and foulingon the film surface, thereby prolonging the cleaning period of the reverse osmosis film.

The invention discloses an alkali-free liquid setting accelerator which is prepared from the following components by weight percent: 18-40% of hydroxycarboxylic acid, 1-5% of phosphoric acid, 15-30% of aluminium hydroxide, 0-5% of alkylol amine, 0.01-0.2% of defoaming agent and the balance water. The alkali-free liquid setting accelerator of invention does not contain alkali metal ions, sulfate ions and other corrosive materials, is safe to use and has no bad effect on the durability of sprayed concrete, thus being capable to be used in the construction of sprayed concrete.

The invention provides a bioremediation composition for in situ bioremediation of soil and / or groundwater contaminated with hydrocarbons, comprising an adsorbent capable of adsorbing said hydrocarbons, a mixture of facultative anaerobes capable of metabolizing said hydrocarbon under sulfate-reduction conditions, a sulfate-containing compound that releases sulfate over a period of time, and a nutrient system for promoting growth of said anaerobes, wherein said nutrient system includes a sulfide scavenging agent.

The environment friendly methyl sulfonic acid preparing process includes the following steps: the reaction of the water solution or solid of ammonium sulfite or mixture of ammonium sulfite and ammonium bisulfite with dimethyl sulfate at high temperature to produce ammonium methyl sulfonate; treating the reacted solution containing ammonium methyl sulfonate and ammonium sulfate with calcium hydroxide or other compound capable of producing precipitate with sulfate radical ion to produce water soluble calcium methyl sulfonate, water insoluble calcium sulfate and ammonium hydroxide; treating obtained calcium methyl sulfonate with strong acid capable of forming precipitate with calcium ion; and final decompression distilling to obtain methyl sulfonic acid. The present invention has facile material, simple technological process, high product quality, low cost and no environmental pollution, and is suitable for industrial production.

The invention discloses a method for treating organic wastewater by using double catalysts to heterogeneously activate persulfates, belonging to the technical field of water pollution control. According to the method, nano copper oxide and zero-valent iron particles are used as a combined catalyst to activate the persulfates to generate free sulfate radicals with strong oxidizing property, so that refractory organics are removed from the wastewater. Compared with a homogeneous persulfate water treatment technology, the method has the advantage that the heterogeneous catalysts can efficiently and continuously activate the persulfates to achieve a heterogeneous activation effect due to the properties of relatively large specific surface area, relatively high catalytic activity and the like. The double-catalyst heterogeneous persulfate activation water treatment technology established by the method disclosed by the invention is applicable to treatment of various kinds of organic wastewater, is high in efficiency, good in durability and convenient in operation, can efficiently remove toxic and harmful pollutants from the wastewater within a relatively wide pH range, provides a broad prospect for treating toxic, harmful and non-biodegradable organic wastewater, and has a great application potential in the field of environmental pollution treatment.

The present invention provides a granular solid super strong acid catalyst and its preparation process. The active carrier is carried by granular basic carrier and contains oxide capable of binding with sulfate radical ion to form active catalyst layer; and the granular basic carrier contains porous oxide supporting the active catalyst layer and with certain strength and shape. During the preparation, granular basic carrier is first soaked into the salt solution of active carrier, ammonia water is added to regulate pH value greater than 8, the water solution is filtered out and filtered matter is washed and dried; and after soaking the dried granular carrier in sulfuric acid solution and filtering to eliminate sulfuric acid solution, the filtered matter is dried and roasted at 550-650 deg.c to obtain the catalyst.

The present invention belongs to the field of chemical technology and is especially a complexing process of preparing nanometer BaSO4. The process includes two main steps of complexing reaction and deposition reaction. Specifically. Ba2+ ion solution and EDTA complexing agent solution produce complexing reaction in a reactor to produce complex solution with certain stability and ammonia water being used for regulating system pH value. The complex solution is made to react with sulfate radical solution while stirring to prepare nanometer level BaSO4 particles as precipitate. The nanometer level BaSO4 product is hexagonal crystal and blue in color, and has grain size of 20-40 nm and average grain size of 25 nm. The process is stable in operation, and the product has high quality and dispersivity.

The invention relates to a novel process for recycling treatment for waste water which contains ammonia and sulfate radicals and is produced in the process of non-ferrous metal processing. The invention is characterized in that: sodium hydroxide is added into the waste water to convert ammonium ions in the waste water into molecular ammonia; then the waste water is heated by heat resource in a rectification tower; the ammonia in the waste water enters into a condenser in the form of gas from the top of the tower to be cooled into liquid ammonia and partial liquid ammonia returns, thus the remainder becomes the product; the water removed of ammonia exchanges heat with the waste water to be treated and then continues to be cooled, thus sodium sulfate crystals are obtained; the water removed of sodium sulfate removed is removed also sulfate radicals and ammonia, and can directly return to a production plant. The invention has a combined process of ammonia rectification recycle and sodium sulfate cooling crystallization, ensures the recycling use of the water as the ammonia in the water is reclaimed in the form of liquid ammonia or ammonia water as well as the sulfate radicals are reclaimed in the form of sodium sulfate, retains valuable metal ions in the water, and improves the recycling rate of the resource. In a word, the process can realize the recycling utilization of ammonia-nitrogen waste water produced by non-ferrous metal processing, has a simple process flow, is suitable for large-scale industrial production, and has both economic and environmental benefits.

The present invention relates to a production method of high-purity lithium hydroxide. A crystallization mother liquor waste water is obtained after production of potassium chloride by using a salt lake bittern as the raw material, a magnesium-lithium ratio of the crystallization mother liquor waste water is 200-500:1, an eligible eluant is obtained through ion sieve adsorption and elution of the crystallization mother liquor waste water, and after treatment of the eluant through the ultrafiltration membrane technology, the sectional type nanofiltration technology, the external regeneration continuous hybridization technology and the reverse osmosis technology, a reverse osmosis concentrated solution is obtained. In the reverse osmosis concentrated solution, the content of magnesium ions is <=300 ppm, the content of lithium ions is 4-6 g / L, the content of sodium ions is 3-5 g / L, the content of calcium ions is <=5 ppm, the content of sulfate ions is 1-30 ppm and the content of boron is <=400 ppm. According to the production method provided by the present invention, the reverse osmosis concentrated solution is used as the raw material, the process comprises ultrahigh pressure reverse osmosis continuous hybridization for boron-removing, continuous hybridization for sulfate radical removing, ion-exchange membrane electrolysis, and crystallizing evaporation, and by using the hybridization boron-removing technology, the ion-exchange membrane electrolysis technology and the crystallizing evaporation technology, the high-purity lithium hydroxide is obtained, with the byproducts being the boric acid and sodium hydroxide. The process is continuous, controllable, high in extraction rate, low in production cost and easy to industrialize.

The invention discloses supported nickel-iron composite hydroxide oxygen evolution electrode for alkaline water electrolysis and a preparation method for the supported nickel-iron composite hydroxide oxygen evolution electrode. The preparation method comprises the following steps: performing easy physical mixing-rolling on nickel and iron salt solutions, a conductive carrier and a binder to directly obtain a metal salt / carbon film; and performing low-temperature thermal treatment, in-situ precipitation and metal current collector pressing to obtain the supported nickel-iron composite hydroxide oxygen evolution electrode. Through the in-situ precipitation reaction of a metal salt pre-absorbed in the carrier, the dimension of a nickel-iron composite hydroxide catalyst is controlled, and an active site is improved; and secondly, through the in-situ precipitation reaction process, negative ions of a nitrate radical, a sulfate radical and the like are easily inserted into a nickel-iron composite hydroxide lattice, so that the oxygen evolution activity of the electrode is further regulated; moreover, the resistance loss is reduced through an internal structure constructed by the conductive carrier with a high specific surface area. The preparation method for an electrode material has the advantages of being simple, gentle in condition and high in raw material utilization rate, so that the good industrial prospect and a high economic value are shown.

The invention provides a method for recycling impurity salts generated in industrial wastewater treatment. The method comprises the following steps: (1) calcining impurity salts generated in an industrial wastewater treatment process, cooling, dissolving in pure water, and obtaining a high-concentration sodium chloride solution; (2) performing solid-liquid separation, and removing residual organisms in the solution; (3) successively removing sulfate radicals and calcium ions, adjusting the pH of the solution to neutral, and obtaining a high-purity sodium chloride solution; and (4) crystallizing the high-purity sodium chloride solution obtained in step (3), obtaining a sodium chloride crystal product, and washing to obtain the high-purity sodium chloride crystal product. By adopting the method, the effective treatment and recycling of impurity salts generated in the industrial wastewater zero emission process of electric power, petroleum chemistry, coal chemistry and the like; moreover, the method is simple in treatment process and moderate in operation conditions, and is a high-efficiency and stable impurity salt recycling method; and a final product sodium chloride is high in recycling rate and purity.

The invention discloses a method of treating organic wastewater based on Fenton-like reaction of an iron-based organic-framework material. The method comprises the following steps: by taking the iron-based organic-framework material as a catalyst and taking persulfate or hydrogen persulfate as an oxidant, degrading organic pollutants by virtue of sulfate radicals formed in a reaction process. The iron-based organic-framework material has a relatively great specific surface area and a relatively great bore diameter, is regular in metal ion spatial arrangement, uniform in distribution, high in active point location density, high in catalytic activity, environmentally friendly, easy to recycle and capable of being recycled. And moreover, the method is simple in equipment, convenient to operate, capable of efficiently degrading organic pollutants in water within a relatively wide pH value range, and very great in application prospect.

The invention discloses a method for extracting and purifying wet-process phosphorous acid to produce industrial-grade phosphorous acid, which comprises the following steps: step 1, decoloration: utilizing active carbon and hydrogen peroxide to decolorize the phosphorous in two steps; step 2, extraction: utilizing extracting agent to extract phosphorous; step 3, washing: utilizing cleaning solution to washing organic phase; step 4, backextraction: utilizing pure water to extract the phosphorous acid in the organic phase; step 5, desulphurization: utilizing desulphurization agent to remove sulfate radical in the phosphorous acid; and step 6, concentration: improving the concentration of phosphorous acid, defluoridating through vacuum concentration to obtain the industrial-grade phosphorous acid. The method has the advantages that: (1) segmented decoloration is adopted, so the pretreatment process is simplified; (2) the used turntable tower is stable, the continuity is strong, and the maintenance expense is low; (3) sulfuric acid is compensated from the middle part of the extraction tower, so the yield of the industrial product is improved, the extraction rate can reach more than 95 percent, and the yield of the industrial product can reach more than 90 percent; (4) a plate-type heat exchanger is adopted, so the land occupation area is small; and (5) and the side-product barium sulfate is washed and dried to be used as an industrial product.